ABYSMAL FAUNA, 269 
that they are found at great distances from large bodies of land. 
Asa rule Echinoids tend to disappear at comparatively short distances 
from land in other parts of the world. 
(i.) Pourtalesia carinata, Agass., taken at both station 147 and 
157, and also at station 298 further north. (i.) P. ceratopyga, Agass., 
at station 157, and outside our area at stations 298 and 299. (iii.) 
P. hispida, Agass., at stations 147 and 156. To the same family as 
the preceding, the Povrraresizo.z, belong the next two species. The 
family, as is not uncommon in abyssal forms, is characterised by the 
extreme fragility of the test, which renders their preservation diffi- 
cult. The species also exhibit a high degree of variability, which 
renders their determination a matter of difficulty and doubt. (iv.) 
Spatagocystis challengert, Agass., from stations 147 and 157. (v.) 
Echinocrepis cuneata, Agass., two specimens were taken at station 147. 
(vi) OUrechinus naresiunus, Agass., of the family Ecarvocoryrum.s, 
was dredged at stations 146, 147, 158 and again further north at 
station 302. (vii.) Cystechinus vesica, Agass., “the only Spatangoid 
thus far known which can contract and expand its chest,’ was taken 
at the most southern station, 153, as well as further north at stations 
298 and 299. (viii.) C. wyvillit, Agass., at stations 146, 147, 158, and 
outside the area at stations 296, 298, 299. This genus also belongs 
to the family Ecarvocorrrams, but the last species, (ix.) Genico- 
patagus afinis, Agass., taken at station 157, is grouped with the 
family Searaverps. 
Class IV.—CRINOIDEA. 
The deep-sea Crinoids are of extreme interest, inasmuch as many 
of the forms are stalked, and thus permanently represent a stage 
passed through in the larval life-history of the unstalked forms, and 
they also form the modern survivals of what was in past ages a very 
large group. The fossil stalked Crinoids abounded even in such 
remote epochs as the Cambrian and Silurian, and their remains bear 
evidence of the enormous number that once lived. The following 
five species of unstalked Crinoids, belonging to the family 
Comarcii#, were taken at deep-sea depths in the sub-Antarctic 
waters :—(i.) Antedon abyssorum, Carp., taken at station 147. (ii.) 
A, bispinosa, Carp., at the same station. (ili.) A. remota, at the same 
station. (iv.) Promachocrinus abyssorum, Carp., from stations 147 
and 158. (v.) Thaumatocrinus renovatus, Carp., a mutilated and 
probably young specimen, from station 158. Of the stalked 
forms, (vi.) Bathycrinus aldrichianus, Wyv. Th., belongs to an 
essentially deep-sea genus. It is a member of the family 
