KERGUELEN ISLAND. 281 
here among the Molluscs, Neobuccinwm eatoni, E. Sm. (a peculiar 
genus), the equally remarkable Struthiolaria mirabilis, Smith, whose 
genus has living species in Australia and New Zealand and a fossil 
one, very similar to S. mirabilis, in the Tertiaries of Patagonia, Natica 
grisea, v. Martens, Rissoa kergueleni, Smith, and several species of the 
peculiar little genus Eatoniella, these last on Sponges ; also, burrowing 
in the mud, Solenella gigantea, Smith, Yoldia subequilateralis, Smith, 
and Anatina elliptica, King and Brod., which last is known to range 
as far south as the South Shetlands. 
Among Crustacea, the existence of a very interesting fauna is 
indicated by such examples as Paratanais dimorphus, Bedd., and the 
large and beautiful Apseudes spectabilis, Stud. A Nebalia has been 
found here both by Studer and Willemoes-Suhm; it is said to be 
indistinguishable from NV. bipes, Sars. 
Of Echinoids we have two species, each of which clusters together 
in very numerous colonies, viz. Hemiaster cavernosus, Phil. and Gonio- 
cidaris canaliculata, Ag., both alao Patagonian. The latter, described 
by Wyville Thomson as Cidaris nutriz, carries its young in “a kind 
of open tent’ formed by the folding inwards of the spines surround- 
ing the mouth, while the former carries them in depressions of the 
ambulacral areas on its back, protected by the spines. In the last 
case a singular little Mollusc, Lepton parasiticwm, Dall, also inhabits 
the brood-cavity. In equal abundance we have the six-rayed 
Ophioglypha hexactis, Smith, and the seven-rayed Ophiacantha 
vivipara, Lym., both having, in an analogous way, the peculiarity of 
rearing their young in brood-pouches, and the long-armed Amphiura 
Studeri, Lym. Other species are, Asterias meridionalis, Perr., A. 
rupicola, Verrill, Echinaster spinulifer, Smith, and Pentagonaster 
meridionalis, Smith. 
A single Nemertine, Lineus corrugatus, M‘Int., is abundant in 
the mud, where also is one Gephyrean, Thalassema verrucosum, Studer. 
Annelids are numerous, e.g. Hupolynoe mollis, M‘Int., Nephthys trisso- 
phyllos, Grube, Amphitrite kerguelensis, M‘Int., Neottis antarctica, 
M‘Int., Artacama proboscidea, Mgr., and a curious Chlorhemid, 
Brada mammillata, Gr., which covers itself with a thick layer of mud, 
of sponge-spicules and diatom-frustules, all cemented together by the 
secretions of special glands. 
An Anemone, Hdwardsiella kerquelensis, Stud.,is plentiful in the mud, 
and in somewhat greater depths is another, Halcampa purpurea, Studer. 
4, With no very sudden demarcation, save for the absence of those 
species most closely associated with the kelp, we pass to the general 
fauna of the submarine plateau. 
