402 THE ANTARCTIC MANUAL. 
The icebergs were covered with penguins; several officers landed 
on the icebergs to get a few as specimens. On their return some pen- 
guins followed them closely, particularly one, who at last leaped into 
the boat. It was supposed that its mate had been among those taken, 
and that it had followed on that account. If this were the fact, it 
would show a remarkable instinctive affection in this bird. 
On the 16th the barrier of ice trended to the northward, and we 
were obliged to haul to the north-east, passing through a large number 
of ice-islands, many of which were stained with earth. In the after- 
noon a large sea-elephant was discovered on the ice; two boats were 
sent to effect his capture, and many balls were fired into him, but he 
showed the utmost indifference to their effect, doing no more than to 
raise his head at each shot. He contrived to escape by floundering over 
the ice until he reached the water, in which he was quite a different 
being. 
At about 7 p.m. Dr. Fox was despatched in a boat to visit an ice- 
island that was very much discoloured with clay in patches. He re- 
ported that there was upon it a large pond of muddy water, not frozen, 
although the temperature on board was much below the freezing-point. 
We observed around the icebergs numerous right whales, puffing in all 
directions. A large quantity of small crustacea, including shrimps, 
were here seen around the icebergs. These are believed to be the cause 
that attracts whales to these parts; they also supply the numerous 
penguins with their food. For several days I observed a great difference 
in the wind, by day and by night. It had been fresh from the hour 
of seven in the morning until 8 p.m., when it generally becomes light 
or dies away altogether. To-day we found ourselves in longitude 99° E. 
and latitude 64° 21'S. We to-day made observations throughout the 
twenty-four hours with Leslie’s photometer. These results will be 
found embraced in the volume of Meteorology. 
On the 17th, about 10 a.m., we discovered the barrier extending in 
a line ahead, and running north and south as far as the eye could reach. 
Appearances of land were also seen to the south-west, and its trending 
seemed to be to the northward. We were thus cut off from any further 
progress to the westward, and obliged to retrace our steps. This posi- 
tion of the ice disappointed me, although it concurred with what was 
reasonably to be expected. We were now in longitude 97° 37' E. and 
latitude 64° 01'S.; our variation was 56° 21' westerly, being again on 
the decrease. To-day we had several snow-squalls, which, instead of 
being in flakes, was in small grains, as round as shot, and of various 
sizes, from that of mustard-seed to buck-shot. It was remarkably dry, 
pure white, and not at all like hail. We found the bay we had entered 
was fifty or sixty miles in depth, and having run in on its southern side, 
I determined to return along its northern shore, which we set about 
with much anxiety, as the weather began to change for the worse. 
