EXPLORATION OF ANTARCTIC LANDS. 489 
is that of the channel. This moraine is another decisive proof of the 
existence of a glacial period in the neighbourhood of Graham Land. 
In the evening the sky became overcast, the wind rose, and it grew 
very cold as we waited for the Belgica, which at last returned for us 
about 9 p.m. 
Thursday, February 10, was cloudy and slightly foggy, and for a time 
we could scarcely see where we were amongst the numerous islands, with 
the low clouds concealing the characteristic mountain outlines. At noon 
we made the eighteenth landing, almost opposite the seventeenth, on 
the other side of the large channel (XVIII on map, Fig. 2). It was 
at the base of a pyramidal mountain of red rock, very different in 
appearance from the surrounding scenery. A great band of red granite 
seemed to traverse the region from north-north-west to south-south-east. 
The interesting feature of this landing was the discovery of a moraine at 
least 70 feet in height, which was set against the mountain-side along 
part of the beach in the direction of the channel. The rock itself was 
highly glaciated to just below the level of the water. 
The boulders were mainly angular fragments of red granite, and, 
on the crest of the moraine, numerous blocks of well-polished gneiss. 
There were also pebbles of hornblende-granite, porphyry, and other 
rocks, including a white quartzite with small crystals of pyrite, and a 
very compact black schist. Since we were always in sight of the 
coast, I never ceased to ask for more landings; I urged Lecointe, de 
Gerlache, and the others again and again, but not with so much effect 
as I could wish. The commandant showed himself very obliging ; but 
with a little good-will we could have landed in many other places and 
collected much more geological material than we did. For this eighteenth 
landing he conducted me himself, but for ten minutes only. A few 
strokes of the oars brought us to the beach amid cries of “Hurry up, 
Arctowski!” I gave a hammer to Tollefsen, with orders to chip here 
and there down by the shore, while I hurriedly climbed the moraine, 
picking up specimens as I ran, took the direction with my compass, 
glanced to the left and right, and hurried down again full speed to get 
a look at the rock in situ; meanwhile, Cook had taken a photograph of 
the place from the ship—and that is the way geological surveys had to 
be carried out in the Antarctic. 
At 4 p.m. we passed a fine iceberg, which appeared like the face of a 
glacier, and must have been recently detached, for it still bore the marks 
of crevasses. It was about 100 feet high by nearly 700 long. 
At 5 p.m. I was again in the crow’s-nest, and we were heading 
south-east, perhaps to cut another slice off the northern end of Graham 
Land. It was not clear, but we could make out enough to recognise 
landmarks. What seemed to be a channel turned out merely a wide 
fjord which got slightly narrower towards the head. The amount of 
floating ice and icebergs increased ; sume of the latter were over 500 
