32 CORN 



is for the most part the small grained yellow flint, designated by 

 English-speaking people as "round maize" in distinction from the 

 "flat" or large-grained dent variety, consisting of white and yellow 

 mixed, which reaches European markets from the United States. 



In Portugal, corn, known, in the vernacular as "milho," is cultivated 

 on a much larger scale than any other cereal and constitutes, among 

 other uses, the chief food of the peasant class. 



Spain and France have each over a million acres under maize. 

 Concentrated in the northern part of the former country and southern 

 part of the latter there are extensive districts where it is the chief grain 

 cultivated and the principal reliance of the peasants for human food. 

 "Granoturco," the Italian name for corn, is grown annually in Italy 

 on an extent of about four million acres, and in two provinces, Lom- 

 bardy and Ventia, on a somewhat more extensive scale than is wheat ; 

 polenta, a dish prepared from corn, is in parts of the kingdom the staff 

 of life of the masses. 



Upward of a million bushels are raised annually in Greece, and 

 in 1910 the annual output of European Turkey was officially returned 

 as 22 million bushels. 



Corn culture in Europe, however, is largely centralized in a 

 group of countries comprising Austria Hungary, Roumania, Servia, 

 Bulgaria, and in the southern governments of Russia. In this terri- 

 tory upward of 20 million acres are planted annually and the normal 

 yield is approximately 50 million bushels. 



The important position the crop occupies in the agriculture of 

 these countries is indicated by the fact that in Hungary proper, the 

 principal corn-growing country of Europe, and in Bulgaria, the acre- 

 age is second only to that of wheat, while in Roumania, where the 

 grain is known as "porumb," and in Servia, where it is called "cu- 

 curaz," it is more extensive than that of any other cereal. 



Excepting Austria-Hungary, whose annual production is a few 

 million bushels short of domestic requirements, corn is grown in the 

 rest of this territory in surplus quantities. Aggregate exports usually 

 ranging between SO million and 80 million bushels a year, are made 

 from Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia and Russia to Austria-Hungary, 

 Italy, Spain and chiefly to the non-producing states of north Europe.* 



The total production of corn in Austria-Hungary in 1910 exceeded 

 that of 1890 by 50 per cent. Hungary produces the greater part of the 

 total crop, the soil in the western part of this latter country being ex- 

 ceedingly fertile. The climate is typically continental: cold in winter 



*Chas. M. Daugherty in Agricultural Outlook March 18, 1914. 



