338 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [1895 
5, 93, I saw between 400 and 500 in Dulaney’s Valley, one of 
which gave me a wild burst of song. At Washington, recorded 
“from October 18 (’94) to April 15 (94). Two were shot on 
April 21 at Laurel, by Geo. Marshall” (Richmond) ; noted at 
Hagerstown in May, ’80, and also “a few all winter’? (Small). 
Pipilo erythrophthalmus (587). Towhee. 
Common summer resident, occasionally wintering. Noted 
from March 8 (94) to November 13 (’92), and common from 
April 2 (’93) to October 21 (’92); nests with eggs range from 
May 13 (’94), to August 28 (’91, Fisher). Sets are 8 of 3, and 
3 of 4. Six nests were on the ground, the others elevated, the 
highest being 64 feet up in a cedar. 
During the severe winter of 792-8, Mr. W. N. Wholey and 
I watched a flock from December 8 to February 14, seeing it 3 
or 4 times a week. Neither of us could ever count the flock; 
sometimes there seemed more, sometimes less, but we estimated 
it to average about 50 birds. There was snow on the ground 
all this time and the temperature went down as low as 1°, and 
for over a month the maximum kept below 32° (Fahrenheit). 
In Somerset County they were numerous from November 15 
to 21 (’94, Fisher). 
At Vale Summit they were common, June 5 to 14 (95). 
Cardinalis cardinalis (593). Cardinal. 
Resident, old birds generally seen in pairs, the young (pre- 
sumably) going in flocks in fall and winter, occasionally a few 
pairs of adults may be found quite near each other. Nesting 
dates range from May 3(’92, Wholey), anest ready for eggs, to 
August 18 (83), 3 eggs. Sets are 1 of 2, 17 of 3, and 1 of 4. 
Habia ludoviciana (595). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 
A migrant, seen at irygular intervals and not to be procured 
every year; it has been fairly well noted from April 28 (93, 
Resler) to May 20 (76, Resler) and from September 11 (80, 
Resler) to September 25 (’93, Gray). 
