FISHES. 89 



spots or lines. In Samoa allied species called "sungale;" in Hawaii 

 "opule"or "hilu." 



Tdtanung. Coris aygula Lac^pSde. 



Blackish; pectorals margined with yellow; opercular flap of a deep 

 blue; prominent hump on nape of neck; teeth projecting curved for- 

 ward; length, 13 inches. 



Tiao. 



Silvery, small; like small salmonete (Mullidae); a favorite food fish 

 with flavor like smelt. 



Torino. Ostracion comutus L. 



A curious small fish with hard carapax covering the body; 2 frontal 

 spines resemble the horns of an ox, therefore the common name; also 

 2 posterior spines. 



Ugupa amarilla. Holacanihus eyanotis Giinther. 



A short flat fish with a blunt head; yellow, with blue ring around 

 the eye and a blue line down the posterior edge of the opercle. Fins 

 yellow, dorsal, caudal, and anal with a marginal line of bluish black. 



MARINE INVERTEBRATES." 



Guam offers most favorable conditions for the study of marine 

 invertebrates. On the western coast of the island there are broad 

 fringing coral reefs and level platforms, covered even at high tide 

 with only a few feet of water and at low water bare over considerable 

 ai'eas. Here a collector in a boat or wading, with his feet protected 

 from the sharp spines of sea-urchins and the rough branches of the 

 coral, can alwajs get abundance of material. When the reef is cov- 

 ered with a foot of water and there is no breeze to ruifle the surface 

 the bottom appears like a garden, the corals and marine annelids 

 expanding like beautiful rayed composites. — On the bottom lie f ungia 

 corals, like huge inverted mushrooms, with pale green tentacles 

 expanding from their radiating laminse; indigo-blue, five-fingered star- 

 fish; sea-urchins; and holothurians. Some of the latter creep about 

 like huge brown slugs. If one attempts to pick them up they thrust 

 one of their extremities between the branches of coral or into a crev- 

 ice of the rock, and by forcing water to that part of the bodj'^ distend 

 it and wedge it so tightly that it can not be removed without being 

 torn in two. A long translucent holothurian (Synapta) moves through 

 the water so rapidly that it is caught with diflJculty. When lifted 

 from the water it hangs limp and helpless, like a skin full of water, 

 its internal organs showing distinctly through the body wall. As 

 soon as it is dropped back into its native element it makes ofl: at a great 

 speed and soon finds shelter in some hole in the reef. 



« I am indebted to Miss Mary J. Rath bun, of the U. S. National Museum, for reviK- 

 ing the names of the.crustaceans mentioned below. 



