172 COLUMBIDiE TUETDE 



near Upington on the Orange Eiver is distinctly paler throughout 

 and should undoubtedly be referred to the present subspecies. 



Habits. — In this respect the Damara Turtle Dove doubtless 

 agrees with the typical subspecies. Aqdersson writes as follows : 

 " This is the most abundant species of Dove in Damaraland and the 

 parts adjacent. It cannot be strictly said to be a gregarious 

 species ; yet numbers are often found in close proximity both on 

 trees and on the ground, and rise in one flock when flushed, pro- 

 ducing a great noise by the rapid concussion of their wings above 

 their backs. They seek on the ground for their food, which consists 

 almost exclusively of insects. They build in small trees, generally 

 at the extremity of a bough, constructing a rough nest of a few 

 twigs, with no lining of any kind. The eggs are two in number, of 

 a pure white. I have observed these Doves building on August 20, 

 and have found their eggs abundantly at the end of December ; so 

 that it is probable they produce two broods in the year." 



638. Turtur senegalensis. Laughing Dove. 



Columba senegalensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed, i, p. 283 (1766). 



La Tourterelle maillee, Levailtant, Ois. d'Afr. vi, p. 82, pi. 270 (1808). 



Turtur senegalensis, Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 261 (1867) ; Qurney, Ibis, 

 1868, p. 47 [Natal] ; Ayres,Ihia, 1871, p. 261 ; GitrneyinAndersson's 

 B. Daman-al. p. 232, (1872) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 346 ; Shelley, 

 Ibis, 1882, p. 359 [Mashonaland] ; Butler, Feilden and Beid, Zool. 

 1882, p. 338 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 315 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard' s B. S. 

 Afr. pp. 568, 854 (1884); Salvadori, Cat: B. M. xxi, p, 448 (1893) ; 

 Brydcn, Gun and Camera, p. 289 (1893) ; FlecTc, Journ. Ornith. 

 1894, p. 389 ; Shelley, B. Afr. i, p. 137 (1896) ; Bendall, Ibis, 1896, 

 p. 174 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1897, p. 515 [Eshowe] ; Woodward Bros. 

 Natal Birds, p. 132 (1899) ; Marshall, Ibis, 1900, p. 261; Alexander, 

 Ibis, 1900, p. 428 ; Beichenow, Vog. Afr. i, p. 406 (1901) ; Haagner, 

 Ibis, 1902, p. 573 ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1903, p. 284; Shortridge, Ibis, 

 1904, p. 201. 



"Leeba Khoroana'' of Basutos (Murray). 



Description. Adult Male. — Head, cheeks and neck a greyish- 

 pink, becoming on the mantle and inner part of the wings rufous, 

 mottled slightly with slate ; shoulders, wing-coverts and rump slaty- 

 blue ; quills blackish with narrow light edges ; upper tail-coverts 

 and two central pair of tail-feathers black, other tail-feathers with 

 increasing amounts of white towards the tip and black bases ; 

 round the sides and front of the neck a collar of bifid feathers, the 

 tips of which are rufous red, the bases black ; breast and throat 

 pink, becoming almost white on the throat, slaty-blue on the lower 



