278 GRUID^ BUGEEANUS 



they were formerly often associated, but they differ very essentially 

 in internal structure ; externally the Cranes may be distinguished by 

 a depression extending along the greater part of the upper mandible, 

 in -which is situated the nostril, shut in by a large membrane on 

 the posterior side. In the Storks this groove is absent, and the 

 nostrils are nearer the base of the bill. 



The chief anatomical characters of the Family are as follows : 

 Skull schizognathous and schizorhinal ; no basipterygoid processes ; 

 sternum without notches posteriorly ; aftershaft present ; fifth 

 cubital remex absent ; oil gland present and tufted ; caeca long ; all 

 five Garrodian thigh muscles usually present (femorocaudal and 

 accessory femorocaudal absent in Balearica) ; flexor tendons galline. 



Genus I. BUGERANUS. 



Type. 

 Bugeranus, Gloger, Handb. Naturg. p. 440 (1842) . B. carunculatus. 



Bill long and pointed, longer than the middle toe and claw ; 

 nostrils linear ovals ; crown, sides of the face and ear-coverts 

 feathered, fore part of the cheeks and base of the bill naked, covered 

 with fleshy caruncles or warts ; on both sides of the throat, just 

 below the eye, a feathered lappet, more or less developed ; feathers 

 at the base of the neck and inner secondaries elongated and lan- 

 ceolate, the latter extending considerably beyond the end of the 

 tail ; tail of twelve feathers ; lower half of shank and the whole of 

 the tarsus bare ; hind toe present, short, jointed above the level of 

 the other toes. 



Only the one species here described is assigned to this genus, 

 which is restricted to South and East Africa. 



687. Bugeranus carunculatus. Wattled Crane. 



Ardea carunoulata, Omel., Syst. Nat. i, p. 643 (1788). 



Grus carunculata, Oray, Oen. Bds. iii, p. 552, pi. 148 (1849) ; Qurney, 

 Ibis, 1864, p. 355 [Natal] ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 302 (1867) ; Gurney, 

 Itiis, 1868, p. 467 ; Tegetmeier, eel. Blyth's Monogr. Cranes, p. 33, 

 (1881) ; Holuh Sf Pelneln, Orn. Sud-Afr. p. 247 (1882) ; Shelley, 

 Ibis, 1882, p. 363 [Mashonaland] ; SJiarpe, ed. Layard's B. 8. Afr. 

 p. 626 (1884) ; Fleclt; Journ. Ornith. 1894, p. 385 ; Shelley, B. Afr. i. 

 p. 186 (1896). 



Bugeranus carunculatus, Gurney in Andersson's B. Damaral. p. 278 

 (1872); Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xxiii, p. 267 (1894) ; Woodward Bros. 



