438 STUDIES IN GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 
dragged along in the movements of the anterior portion of 
the animal as though it was an inanimate mass. <A pecu- 
liarity exists here, of course, which Friedlander’ and I’ have 
observed in worms, in a more pronounced way, namely, that 
a sort of indirect co-ordination may occur between the 
anterior and posterior portions of the animals in spite of the 
division of the cord. Thirdly, that division was perfect was 
proved through galvanotropic experiments. The constant 
current brings about associated changes in the position of 
the anterior and posterior extremities in the normal animal, 
while these associated changes in position do not occur in an 
animal in which the spinal cord has been severed.® 
These observations show without a doubt that, in spite of 
the division of the spinal cord, metamorphosis occurs as 
though the central nervous system were intact. If Tornier’s 
idea were strictly correct, one would expect that the division 
of the central nervous system would be followed, not only by 
a division of the motor and sensory functions of the anterior 
and posterior part of the animal, but also by a division of the 
morphogenetic functions. Since this is, however, not the 
case, this conclusion at least may be drawn, namely, that the 
morphogenetic functions in animals with a central nervous 
system do not depend so strictly upon the central nervous 
system as do the motor and sensory functions. 
The objection might be raised that the central nervous 
system of Amblystoma is not highly enough developed to 
decide the question of the influence of the spinal cord upon 
the formative processes. Observations are, however, at hand 
which leave no room for doubt that conditions are similar in 
the dog. Goltz has found that all the individual milk-glands 
in a pregnant bitch develop equally after division of the 
1 Brologisches Centralblatt, Vol. VIII. 
2 Pfliigers Archiv, Vol. LVI. 
3 LOEB UND GARREY, II, ibid., Vol. LXIV. 
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