Toxic AND ANTITOXIO Errrcts oF Ions 723 
cent. of the eggs formed embryos. Jt followed from these 
experiments that the toxic effects of salts with a monov- 
alent kation and a monovalent anion can be annihilated 
only by bi- or trivalent kations, but not by mono-, bi-, or triv- 
alent anions. If we correlate this fact with that previously 
found, that spontaneous, rhythmical contractions of muscles, 
Medusee, and hearts are possible only in solutions of electro- 
lytes, then the idea can certainly not be repudiated that the 
antitoxic effect of salts in the above-mentioned experiments 
may be a function of the magnitude and the sign of the 
electrical charges of the ions. 
9. If the toxicity of a pure CaCl,, MgCl,, BaCl, or 
SrCl, solution is compared with the toxicity of a solution of 
a chloride of a monovalent kation, then it is found that the 
former are the more poisonous. In a ® Ca(NO,), solu- 
tion no embryo develops. This same toxic concentration is 
reached in a MgCl, solution at the dilution of ¥%. Can 
the toxic effects of these solutions also be overcome? One 
can indeed easily overcome the poisonous effects of a # 
Ca(NO,), solution by adding large amounts of a KCl or 
NH,Cl solution. NaCl and LiCl solutions are almost with- 
out effect. 
TABLE XIII 
Percentage of 
Solution Eggs Yielding 
Embryos 
sce ciety 100c.c. #? Ca(NO,). 0 
Braces 100 © 4 ee. 23. m KCl 15 
ee a 10 “ « 44 cnr 34 
BOSCH 400 * « 42 wo« 40 
Biss etd 100 “« «© 44 “4 55 
Gy casamaae 100 a +8 ae Eats 67 
As one can see, the number of embryos formed shows a 
definite increase with an increase in the concentration of the 
KCl. I tried still stronger solutions of KCl in further 
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