■WINTERING. 351 



for the purpose. Many recommend a house built ahove 

 ground with walls of several thicknesses, well packed, 

 and dead-air spaces between. Mr. E. Bacon, of Verona, 

 N. Y., uses such a house, and pronounces it a success. 

 The best one of the kind that I ever saw was built by 

 Captain Hetherington, and it seemed as well adapted to 

 the purpose as could be wished ; yet Mr. Hetherington 

 has discarded it as a failure, and adopted the system of 

 " clamps," which I am about to describe. 



CLAMPS. 



Those who have read Mr. Langstroth's work on the 

 Honey Bee have doubtless been much interested in an 

 article by the Eev. Mr. Scholtz, translated from the 

 "Bieneu Zeitung," by Mr. Wagner, which describes a 

 system of wintering in clamps. This method of Mr. 

 Scholtz's has led to an improved clamp or bee-house, 

 partly underground, which is proving an admirable suc- 

 cess. This is really but an improved form of the old 

 method of burying bees. Mr. Hibbard, of Auburn, N. 

 Y., modified the Scholtz clamp by erecting a permanent 

 framework for the sides, but with a temporary roof or 

 covering. In 1873, P. H. Elwood, of Starkville, N. Y., 

 prepared a clamp, over which he arranged a permanent 

 roof, and built a door for convenience in entering the 

 apartment. The bottom and sides were covered with 

 hydraulic cement. Clamps similar to this are now used 

 by many of the leading bee-keepers of New York State, 

 with the best results. 



Captain Hetherington, after making some changes, 

 and furnishing facilities for artificial heat and a most 

 thorough system of ventilation, has adopted this system 

 of wintering in his extensive apiaries. He has three very 

 fine double clamps, one of which is represented in figure 

 101. A clamp of this form is built by first making an ex- 



