A GEOLOGICAL TIME-SCALE, WITH EXAMPLES OP POSSILIPEROUS ROCKS. 



RELATIVE LENGTHS OP EPOCHS. 



o 



l-» 



HOLOCENE 



PLEISTOCENE 



PLIOCENE 



MIOCENE . 



OLIGOCENE 



EOCENE 



CRETACEOUS 



JURASSIC 



PRESENT DAY 



HISTORIC. 



NEOLITHIC. 



PALAEOLITHIC 

 GLACIAL . . 



SICILIAN. 

 ASTIAN . . . 

 PLAISANCIAN 



TORTONIAN. 



HELVETIAN 



BURDIGALIAN 



AQUITANIAN 



RUPELIAN . 

 TONGRIAN . 

 PRIABONIAN 



BARTONIAN 

 LUTETIAN . 

 LONDINIAN 

 THANETIAN 

 MONTIAN . 



DANIAN . . 

 SENONIAN . 

 TURONIAN . 

 CENOMANIAN 

 ALBIAN . . 

 APTIAN . . 

 URGONIAN . 

 NEOCOMIAN 



TRIASSIC 



PERMIAN 



CARBONI- 

 FEROUS. 



DEVONIAN 



SILURIAN 



ORDOVICIAN 



CAMBRIAN 



PRECAMBRIAN 



PORTLANDIAN 

 KIMMERIDGIAN 

 CORALLIAN. . 

 OXFORDIAN . 

 CALLOVIAN. . 

 BATHONIAN . 

 BAJOCIAN . . 

 AALENIAN . . 

 TOARCIAN . . 

 PLIENSBACHIAN 

 SINEMURIAN . 



RHAETIAN . 

 KEUPERIAN 

 CONCHYLIAN 



PUNJABIAN 

 ARTINSKIAN 



OURALIAN . 



MOSCOVIAN 

 BERNICIAN. 



CONDRUSIAN 

 EIFELIAN . 

 COBLENTIAN 



LUDLOVIAN . 

 WENLOCKIAN 

 VALENTIAN . 



CARADOCIAN . 

 LLANDEILIAN. 

 ARENIGIAN . 



OLENIDIAN. . 

 PARADOXIDIAN 



OLENELLIAN . 



Ranse in Time 

 of Life-Groups. 



Blown sand, alluvium, beaches, 

 tufa, peat, shell-beds, &c, as 

 now forming. 



Alluvium, &c, as above ; valley-gravels, 

 boulder-clays, brick-earth. 

 Norfolk Forest-bed, Wexford Gravels. 



Norwich and Red Crags. 

 Coralline Crag ; Lenham-beds 



Pikermi-beds. 



Oeningen molasse. 

 Globigerina Lst., Malta. 

 Beauce Limestone. 



Hamstead. 



Bembridge ...... Sables d'Etampes. 



Osborne and Headon .... Phosphorites of Quercy. 



Barton and Bagshot .... Gypsum of Montmartre. 



Bracklesham Calcaire glossier. 



London Clay ...... Sables de Cuise. 



Thanet Sands Sables de Bracheux. 



Poudingue de Ciply. 



Chalk in Norfolk and Charing detritus 

 Upper Chalk ..... 



Middle Chalk 



Lower Chalk ; Chalk marl. 

 Upper Greensand ; Red Chalk ; Gault. 

 Lower Greensand .... 

 Speeton Clay ; Tealby Beds 1 

 Spilsby ; Purbeck J 



Wealden 



Portland Stone .... 



Kimmeridge Clay .... 

 Corallian Limestone ; Ampthill Clay 



Oxford Clay 



Kellaways Rock .... 

 Cornbrash ; Forest Marble ; Great Oolite 

 Inferior Oolite, Yorkshire Estuarine 

 Midford and Northampton Sands . 

 Bridport Sands, Upper Lias 

 Marlstone, Middle Lias . 

 Lower Lias ..... 



Maestricht Chalk. 

 Gosau-beds. 

 Planer- Mergel. 

 Tourtia. 



Schratten-Kalk. 

 /Orbitolite Limestone. 

 (Valangiau, Berriasian. 



Tithonic. 



Lithographic Stone. 

 Seuuanian. 

 Brauner Jura f. 



,, i- 

 „ y. 



Schwarzer Jura. 



White Lias ; Tea-green Marls . 

 Waterstones, Elgin Sandstone 

 Pebble Beds, Variegated Sandstone . 



Red Marls & Sandstones, Magnesian 

 Limestone ; Penrith Beds. 



Coal Measures. 



Millstone Grit ; Yoredale Beds. 



Mountain Limestone ; Culm. 



Upper Devonian i 



Middle ,, > Old Red Sandstone 



Lower ,, ) 



Downton and Ludlow Series . 

 Wenlock and VVoolhope Series. 

 Tarannon and Llandovery Series 



Bala, Chirbury and Caradoc Series . 

 Llandeilo and Middleton.Series. 

 Arenig, Shelve, and Skiddaw . 

 Tremadoc and Shineton Beds . 



Lingula Flags 



Menevian Series .... 

 Harlech, Caerfai, and Hartshill Series 



Kossener Schichten. 

 Keuper and Raibl Beds. 

 Muschelkalk, Bunter. 



Zechsteiu. 

 Rothliegende. 

 Bohemian gas-coal. 



iPsanimites du Condroz. 

 Calceola Limestone. 

 Hunsruck Slates. 



Gotland Limestone. 

 Oyrtograptus Shales. 

 Pentamerus Limestone. 



Gres de May. 



Orthoceras Limestone. 

 Ceratopyge Limestone. 

 Olenus Shales. 

 Andrarum Limestone. 

 Eophyton Sandstone. 





2*-. o 



A large series of rocks of which only the uppermost have yielded fossils, 

 and those for the most part obscure, as the worm-burrows in the Longmynd. 



TERTIARY. 1,600 ft. 



CRETACEOUS. 2,500 ft. 



JURASSIC. 5000 ft. 



TRIASSIC. 3000 ft. 



PERMIAN. 1,500 ft. 



CARBONIFEROUS. 



12,000 ft. 



DEVONIAN. 4000 ft. 



SILURIAN. 



7000 ft. 



ORDOVICIAN. 



15,000 ft. 



CAMBRIAN. 



12,000 ft. 



PRECAMBRIAN. 



Extent unknown. 



