10 PROFITABLE DAIRYING 



thoroughly reliable centrifugal separators in 

 every-day use, but the principle employed by all 

 of them is the same. 



The influence of the separator. The centri- 

 fugal method of separation effected so large a 

 saving of butter fat to the farmers that cream- 

 eries sprang up rapidly, particularly in the 

 north central states, only to be defeated of their 

 mission by dissatisfaction and fraud, because 

 there was no quick and satisfactory method for 

 determining the richness of the milk delivered 

 by the patrons, nor any practical way by which 

 a factoryman could determine the losses in skim- 

 milk, etc. In these early creameries and cheese 

 factories an unprincipled patron could water 

 his milk in order to get the lion's share of the 

 profits, as it was then the custom to pay for 

 milk by the hundred weight. Of course such 

 fraud was certain to cause dissatisfaction, besides 

 being manifestly unjust. 



Milk formerly sold by the pound. Another 

 thing, well known even in those days, is that 

 all cows are not equally good fat producers; 

 that is, all cows do not give milk equally rich 

 in fat, and the "pooling system," as it is called, 

 where all farmers are paid the same price per 

 hundred pounds of milk without regard to its 

 fat content, is plainly not equitable. 



