74 PROFITABLE DAIRYING 



secure a proper temperature — the one most favor- 

 able to good separation by the gravity process — 

 the skim-milk losses are very heavy. 



Losses by gravity method. With the shallow- 

 pan method the losses vary with the conditions 

 to which the milk is subjected. However, the 

 skim-milk with this method of separation will 

 rarely test less than five-tenths of one per cent. 

 The deep setting method of cream separation 

 was the best devised up to the time of the intro- 

 duction of the centrifugal separator. In this 

 method the milk after milking was immediately 

 placed into long cylindrical cans, commonly 

 called "shot-gun" cans. These were placed in 

 cold water, preferably ice water. With this 

 method the losses in the skim-milk were reduced 

 to about two-tenths of one per cent. However, 

 if the setting of the milk was delayed or the 

 water was not cold, the increase in the loss of 

 fat in the skim-milk was much greater. 



Dilution causes large losses. Dilution methods 

 of separation are likewise to be condemned as 

 extravagant and wasteful. 



A few years ago dilution methods and appli- 

 ances were on the "boom," but fortunately this 

 "boom" was of short duration. Cornell and 

 many of the other experiment stations investi- 

 gated the dilution methods and compared them 

 with the old-fashioned gravity methods. The 



