43° APPENDIX. 



curious structures should not be used, but slides illustrating the 

 essential morphological and developmental features. Directions 

 for the preparation of material in this way cannot be given, in 

 this elementary book, for want of space. 



Method of taking notes, etc. — In connection with the prac- 

 tical work the pupil should make careful drawings from the 

 specimens ; in most cases good outline drawings, to show form, 

 structure etc., are preferable, but sometimes shading can be 

 used to good advantage. It is suggested that the upper 2/3 of 

 a sheet be used for the drawings, which should be neatly made 

 and lettered, and the lower part of the page be used for the 

 brief descriptions, or names of the parts. The fuller notes and 

 descriptions of the plant, or process, or record of the experi- 

 ment should be made on another sheet, using one, two, three, 

 or more sheets where necessary. Notes and drawings should be 

 made only on one side of the sheet. The note-sheets and the 

 drawing-sheets for a single study, as a single experiment, should 

 be given the same number, so that they can be bound together 

 in the cover in consecutive order. Each experiment may be 

 thus numbered, and all the experiments on one subject then 

 can be bound in one cover for inspection by the instructor. 

 For example, under protoplasm, spirogyra may be No. 1, mucor 

 No. 2, and so on. In connection with the practical work the 

 book can be used by the student as a reference book ; and dur- 

 ing study hours the book can be read with the object of arrang- 

 ing and fixing the subject in the mind, in a logical order. 



The instructor should see that each student follows some well- 

 planned order in the recording of the experiments, taking notes, 

 and making illustrations. Even though a book be at hand for 

 the student to refer to, giving more or less general or specific 

 directions for carrying on the work, it is a good plan for every 

 teacher to give at the beginning of the period of laboratory 

 work a short talk on the subject for investigation, giving general 

 directions. Even then it will be necessary to give each indi- 

 vidual help in the use of instruments, and in making prepara- 

 tions for study, until the work has proceeded for some time, 



