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France, Spain, and Sweden. Some rye is produced in the 

 other European countries, but the amount is small as 

 compared with that of the countries named above. In 

 the United States the rye is exceeded in value by all 

 the other cereals. Of the world's production for the 

 five years 1907-1911 the United States produced but 

 31 million bushels. Of this amount almost 50 per cent 

 was produced in the three states, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, 

 and Michigan. Other states producing comparatively 

 large amounts are Minnesota, New York, Nebraska, and 

 Illinois. While rye is grown in almost every state, it 

 is of little importance as a grain crop in all excepting those 

 named above. In some states rye is grown more for 

 green manure and for pasture than for grain, and is there- 

 fore not included in the above consideration. The yield 

 per acre in the United States for the ten years 1902 to 

 1911 was 15.9 bushels. The yield per acre during the 

 same period in Russia was approximately 12 bushels, 

 in Germany, 26.5 bushels, and in Austria-Hungary, 20 

 bushels. 



169. Adaptation. — Rye is adapted to a wide chmatic 

 range. It is more hardy than wheat and will stand more 

 severe winters, so it may be grown farther north. It 

 may also be grown in the South, and seems to be little 

 affected by warm weather. Rye may be grown success- 

 fully on almost all types of soil, being especially adapted 

 to light, sandy soils. It is sometimes called the grain of 

 poverty because it can be grown on soils too poor, or where 

 the climate is too severe, to grow the other cereal crops 

 successfvilly. Because of its ability to grow on poor 

 soils, fields of fertile soil are usually reserved for the other 

 cereals, and rye is grown on the poorer and less desirable 

 ground. While rye grows fairly well on poor soils, much 



