AMOUNDERNESS HUNDRED 



1665. 33 The inquisitions yield the names of a few 

 of the old landholders 23 ; among them was Edward 

 Mercer, 24 who died in 1637, and whose mother's 

 land in 1652 stood sequestered for ' popery.' 26 John 

 Mercer as a ' Papist ' registered his freehold estate in 

 Kellamergh in 171 7. 26 A family named Leyland 

 occurs in the 1 8 th century. 27 



CLIFTON-WITH-SALWICK 



Cliftun, Dom. Bk. Salewic, Dom. Bk. 



This is a composite township, Clifton lying to the 

 south-west and Salwick to the north-east, the respec- 

 tive acreages being 2,101 and 1,388, or 3,489 acres 

 in all. 1 Lund, with its chapel, is about midway 

 between the two hamlets, but in the Clifton portion. 

 This portion has on the south the marshy land by 

 the Ribble, and on the north some moss land. From 

 the marsh the surface rises at first somewhat steeply, 

 the village of Clifton being on the slope ; in general 

 the surface continues to rise gradually from that 

 point to near the northern boundary, but with many 

 undulations, over 100 ft. above sea level being 

 attained. In the northern corner the surface falls 

 away somewhat ; it is in this part that Pepper Hill 

 is situate. The population was 413 in 1901. 



The principal roads are three crossing westward 

 through Lund, Clifton and the Marsh respectively. 

 The line of another westward road, called the Danes' 

 Pad, is traceable to the north of Lund ; it is supposed 

 to be of Roman origin. A cross road goes north 

 through Clifton and Salwick to Pepper Hill, 2 where 

 it meets another going north-west from Preston. 

 There is also a westerly cross-road near. The 

 Preston and Lancaster Canal winds west, north and 

 east through Salwick. The railway from Preston to 



KIRKHAM 



Blackpool runs westward to the south of the canal, 

 and has a station named Salwick. 



There was formerly a cross at Lund village. 3 



The land is clayey ; wheat, beans and oats are 

 grown, but most of trie land is in pasture. 



The township has a parish council. 



Robert son of John Gradwell was born at Clifton 

 in 1777. Educated at Douay he was imprisoned 

 there on the outbreak of the French Revolution. 

 Afterwards he was rector of the English college at 

 Rome, and in 1828 was consecrated (as Bishop of 

 Lydda) to assist Bishop Bramston as vicar-apostolic 

 of the London district. He died in 1833. 4 At 

 Clifton also was born George Hilary Brown (1786) ; 

 he was appointed vicar-apostolic of the Lancashire 

 district in 1840, and ten years later, on the restora- 

 tion of the hierarchy, became Bishop of Liverpool. 

 He died in 18 56.° 



In 1066 CLIFTON, assessed as two 

 MANORS plough-lands, and SALWICK, as one, 

 were part of the Amounderness fee of 

 Earl Tostig. 6 They were sometimes regarded as sepa- 

 rate manors, probably their original status, but, as they 

 were adjacent and held in demesne by one lord, 

 Salwick gradually fell into the position of a depen- 

 dency of Clifton. After the Conquest they were held 

 of the king in thegnage, and in 1212 formed part of 

 an estate of ten plough-lands so held, a rent of 40^. 

 being paid. 7 



The owner in the year named was Walter son of 

 Osbert, 8 who seems to have been in possession by 

 1 1 70. 9 Walter was followed in 1 2 1 7 by his son 

 William de Clifton, 10 who died in 1258 holding ten 

 plough-lands in chief of the king — viz. eight in demesne 

 and two in service — by a rent of 40/. and by finding 

 a suitor at the courts of the county and the wapen- 

 take. His son Henry was of full age and married. 11 



22 Dugdalc, Visit. (Chet. Soc), 49. The 

 descent is thus given r John Bradley — s. 

 James (d. c. 1620) -s. Edward (killed at 

 Marston Moor, fighting on the king's 

 side) -s. James (aged forty) -8. Edward 

 (aged fourteen). 



23 The Heskeths of Rufford had land 

 in Kellamergh in the time of Henry VIII, 

 but the tenure was unknown ; Duchy of 

 Lane. Inq. p.m. v, no. 16 ; vii, no. 14. 



.The tenement of George Hesketh of 

 Poulton in 1 571 was held of the lords of 

 Kellamergh in socage ; ibid, xiii, no. 15. 

 Later it was held of the king ; Lanes. Inq. 

 p.m. (Rec. Soc), iii, 366. 



John Nickson of Kellamergh, who died 

 in 1 61 8, held a messuage, &c, of the 

 heirs or assigns of Jordan de Kellamergh. 

 William Nickson son and heir of John 

 was seven years old ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. 

 ii, 87. 



George Browne in 1567 held a mes- 

 suage, &c, in Kellamergh as part of his 

 Kirkham estate, the Dean and Chapter of 

 Christ Church, Oxf., being lords ; Duchy 

 of Lane. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 4. 



24 Ibid, xxix, no. 9. The tenure is not 

 recorded. William son and heir of 

 Edward was two years of age. 



William Mercer was defendant in 1 5 8z 

 and 1 590, while John Mercer was claimant 

 of lands in the manor of Bryning in 1601 ; 

 Ducatus Lane, iii, 161, 243, 422. 



25 In 1645 two-thirds of one-third 

 part of the Mercer tenement was seques- 

 tered for the recusancy of Elizabeth 

 mother of Edward; she died in 1651. 



Two-thirds of another third were in 1646 

 sequestered for the recusancy of Alice 

 Mercer, widow of Edward. William 

 Mercer the son made petition in 1652 in 

 respect of these portions ; Royalist Comp. 

 Papers, iv, 128—9. The claim was allowed ; 

 Cal. Com. for Comp. iv, 3013. 



26 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath. Non- 

 jurors, 89. 



27 Pedigree in Fishwick, Kirkham, 196. 



Richard Bradkirk of Bryning died un- 

 married in 181 3. A sister Elizabeth 

 married John Langton ; M. I. at Kirk- 

 ham. 



1 The Census Rep. 1901 gives 3,373 

 acres, including 17 of inland water; 

 there are also 40 acres of tidal water and 

 8 3 of foreshore. 



2 Thomas Duddell of Pepper Hill in 

 Clifton occurs in 161 3 ; Lanes. Inq. p.m. 

 (Rec. Soc. Lanes, and Ches.), ii, 14. 



8 Lanes, and Ches. Antiq. See. xx, 187. 



4 Diet. Nat. Biog. ; Gillow, Bibl. Diet. 

 of Engl. Cath. 



5 Ibid, i, 320. 



6 V.C.H. Lanes, i, 288a. 



"'Lanes. Inq. and Extents (Rec. Soc. 

 Lanes, and Ches.), i, 46. The fee con- 

 sisted of Clifton (two plough-lands), Sal- 

 wick (one), Westby (two), Fieldplumpton 

 (two), and Barton (two). These give only 

 nine plough-lands, but in 1226 Westby 

 and Fieldplumpton together were called 

 five plough-lands ; the assessment of 

 Barton in 1066 was four, not two. 

 Though Salwick became subordinate, it 

 occurs occasionally as the leading member. 



l6l 



From a tithe suit of 1586 it appears 

 that there were then 19 oxgangs of land 

 in Clifton proper ; Fishwick, Kirkham 

 (Chet. Soc.), 73. 



8 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 46. 



9 He attested a charter which may be 

 dated between 11 60 and 1170; Farrer, 

 Lanes. Pipe R. 409-1 1. Theobald Walter 

 about 1 194 took the land of Salwick from 

 him, giving Wrea instead ; but soon after 

 the accession of King John he recovered 

 Salwick, paying 10 marks and a palfrey $ 

 Rot. de Oblatis (Rec. Com.), 115 j Farrer, 

 op. cit. 130. He contributed to a scutage 

 in 1205-6 ; ibid. 205. 



Walter son of Osbert and his son 

 William were benefactors of Cockersand 

 Abbey ; Chartul. (Chet. Soc), i, 211, 212. 



10 Memo. R. (L.T.R.), 1. Walter son of 

 Osbert's name was copied into the roll of 

 1226, as if he were still living; Lanes. 

 Inq. and Extents, i, 139. 



William de Clifton was collector of an 

 aid in 1235 ; ibid. 142. In 1256 he 

 agreed with John de Lea and Henry his 

 son respecting common of pasture within 

 Clifton Marsh j Dods. MSS. lxx, fol. 160. 



11 Lanes. Inq. and Extents, i, 212-13. 

 The two plough-lands in service were 

 those in Barton, as appears from the 

 inquest of 1212 5 ibid. 46. The lands 

 were in the escheator's hands from 

 23 April till 4 May, being then delivered 

 to Henry, the son and heir. In that 

 time £$ ip. gd. was received ; ibid. 222. 



It appears that Henry was a younger 

 son, for in 1257 William de Clifton gave. 



21 



