32 NATURE STUDY LESSONS FOR PRIMARY GRADES 



upper front jaw is very hard, almost as hard as a 

 bone.) Does she eat rapidly ? How long does she 

 chew on a mouthful of grass ? Does she keep on 

 eating all day at this rate ? (No ; after a while she 

 lies down, or stands and rests.) Did you ever notice 

 how a cow lies down ? Does she lie down as the 

 dog does ? What does she do first ? Then what ? 

 If you watch her mouth while she is lying down or 

 standing, if at rest, what will you find her doing? 

 (Chewing her cud.) What is this cud, and where 

 does it come from? I will tell you. Where does 

 your food go after you swallow it? (Into the 

 stomach.) Now, a cow has a very large stomach. 

 The grass which she bites off she chews but a lit- 

 tle, if any. She swallows it, and it goes into a 

 room in this big stomach, where it soaks for a 

 while. Watch a cow's throat a little while after 

 she lies down, and tell what you see. (Something 

 going up her throat toward her mouth.) This 

 is a little of the soaked grass going up to be well 

 chewed. We now call it a cud. What becomes 

 of this cud? (After it is chewed up fine, the 

 cow swallows it and it goes into another part of 

 this big stomach.) Then what ? (Another cud goes 

 up to be chewed in the same way, and so on.) Do 



