112 TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY 



Fig. 1 8. This illustrates the irregular parkway around G6ttingen, following the line 

 of the old fortifications. 



Fig. 19. The dotted lines show some of the old checker-board streets of Charlotten- 

 burg which are being replaced by new crooked streets. The old streets were regarded as 

 intolerably monotonous. 



Fig. 20. (Mannheim.) This is criticized as an absurd "picture-plan." It is declared that 

 the symmetry about the central square can be recognized only on paper and not from the 

 streets. Moreover, the scheme of treatment, for the square blocks traffic circulation with 

 no compensating advantages. 



Fig. 21. (Strasberg.) This scheme is called absurd because symmetry is present upon 

 paper, which cannot be recognized upon the ground. It is also observed by the German 

 critics that the plan is "pompous" and that the buildings are not well related to one another. 



Fig. 22. (Mainz.) This scheme is highly praised for its novelty and wonderful 

 adaptation to the needs of traffic and to existing churches and other buildings which 

 control the design. 



Fig. 23. (Augsburg.) A treatment for a central square which provides fine traffic 

 opportunities for the through streets and, at the same time, produces a design which is said 

 to be exceedingly efifective. 



Fig. 24. (Hanover.) This plan deserves careful study. Notice how the squares are 

 arranged adjacent to the main traffic-ways, and yet on axis with adjoining secondary 

 thoroughfares. The churches are also arranged in short side-streets, and glimpses are afforded 

 of them in a most satisfactory way. The Germans intentionally arrange the side-streets in 

 such fashion that main traffic cannot pass through them. 



Fig. 25. (Hanover.) A characteristic German treatment which the critics say is 

 "trivial," through amusing and convenient. 



Fig. 26. (Flensburg.) A residential quarter on irregular topography associated with 

 a semi-naturalistic mall, or park-strip, leading up to a church or public building. No 

 extensive traffic is expected here. 



Fig. 27. (Ulm.) A system of streets for undulating ground which is said to be very 

 charming, and one executed upon the ground at small expense. 



Fig. 28. (Darmstadt.) Another typical arrangement of buildings, following the 

 modern German ideas. The secondary streets are purposely curved to give variety and a 

 sense of seclusion from the bustle of the main traffic roads. Notice how ingeniously the 

 little park in the middle of the scheme is side-tracked. 



Fig. 29. (Plauen.) A scheme for very rough ground. 



Fig. 30. (Kiel.) Another scheme of treatment for irregular topography. 



Fig. 31. (Aachen.) Another treatment for a valley, to be used in suburban settlement. 



Figs. 32, 33, 34, 35. (Munich.) This is considered one of the most interesting and 

 successful modern streets ever planned in Germany. It provides ample traffic circulation, 

 while retaining the characteristics of the other streets of the city. Notice how the squares 

 are arranged ; there is no trace of the axial French schemes here. 



I think it is fair to say that, while these schemes of the Germans are to be admired in 

 many respects, they do not represent, by any means, the only method by which city improve- 

 ments may be effected. The French schemes are often quite as useful, and in cities with 

 formal street-systems, are frequently more applicable. Unquestionably, some of the German 

 city-planners are running this new idea into the ground; but we must realize that they 



