38 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. 
scribed, in the proportion of five grammes to a. litre 
of water; also a solution of sulphate of iron, one 
kilogram to two litres of water, with which the 
stock should be washed fifteen days before the shoots 
begin to start (Millardet). Mme. Ponsot, in Bordelais, 
has used, the same substance mixed with lime (four 
parts of powdered sulphate of iron to twenty parts 
of lime). The fallen leaves which contain the 
winter spores, or oospores, should be burnt or buried. 
The stocks should be irrigated as often as possible, 
and the leaves should be dusted with lime in order 
to dry off the dew or mist, which favours the fertili- 
zation of the oospores. 
Some species of vines resist the disease better 
than others, and this is the case with the Labernet, 
a vine from Médoc, which has remained almost 
entirely free from it in infected regions of Algeria. 
Anthracnosis, or Black-rot.—This fungus, of which 
the name is Phoma uvicola, or Sphaceloma ampeliwm, 
belongs to the ascomycetes. Of all the parasites of 
the vine it was the earliest known, but it was only 
in 1878 that its devastations were important enough 
to attract attention. Like the two preceding fungi, 
it is reproduced by spores carried afar by the slightest 
breeze. Heat and moisture are favourable to its pro- 
pagation, which is checked by drought. 
It appears on the young shoots in the month 
of May, in the form of.round black spots which 
gradually spread over the twigs, leaves, and grapes 
