ANTHRAX. 141 
of preparing a vaccine virus, which is, however, 
analogous to that of Pasteur. He subjects the lymph 
of the blood of a diseased animal to a temperature 
of 50°, and thus transforms it into vaccine. Toussaint 
considers the high temperature to be the principal 
agent of attenuation, and ascribes little or no im- 
portance to the action of the oxygen in the air. 
Chamberland and Roux have recently made re- _ 
searches with the object of obtaining a similar 
vaccine by attenuating the primitive virus by means 
of antiseptic substances. They have ascertained that 
a solution of carbolic acid of one part in six hundred 
destroys the microbes of anthrax, while they can live 
and flourish in a solution of one part in nine hundred, 
but without producing spores, and their virulence is 
attenuated. When a nourishing broth is added to 
a solution of one in six hundred, the microbe can live 
and grow in it for months. Since the chief condition 
of attenuation consists in the absence of spores, this 
condition seems to be realized by the culture in a 
solution of carbolic acid, one in nine hundred, and it 
is probable that a fresh form of attenuated virus 
may thus be obtained. Diluted sulphuric acid gives 
analogous results. 
However this may be, the vaccine prepared by 
Pasteur’s process is the only one which has been 
largely used, and which has afforded certain results to 
cattle-breeders. 
Public experiments, performed before commis- 
