142 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. 
sions composed of most competent men, have clearly 
shown the virtue of the protective action. In the 
summer of 1881, the initiation was taken by the 
Melun Society of Agriculture. Twenty-five sheep and 
eight cows or oxen were vaccinated at Pouilly-le-Fort, 
and then re-inoculated with blood from animals which 
had recently died of anthrax, together with twenty- 
five sheep and five cows which had not been previously 
vaccinated. None of the vaccinated animals suffered 
while the twenty-five test sheep died within forty- 
eight hours, and the five cows were so ill that the 
veterinary surgeons despaired of them for several 
days. 
This experiment was publicly repeated in Sep- 
tember, 1881, by Thuillier, Pasteur’s fellow-worker, 
whose death we have recently had to deplore, before the 
representatives of the Austro-Hungarian Government ; 
and again near Berlin, in 1882, before the representa- 
tives of the German Government, and always with 
the same success. Up to April, 1882, more than 
130,000 sheep and 2000 oxen or cows had been vac- 
cinated ; and since that time the demand for vaccine 
-from Pasteur’s laboratory has reached him from every 
quarter. 
III. Fowt CHouera. 
The sickness of barn-door poultry, which is com- 
monly called cholera, is caused by the presence in the 
