196 MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. 
In 1849, the cholera pursued the same route. 
Coming overland from India through Russia, it 
appeared in Paris on March 17, and lasted until 
October. | 
In 1853, cholera, again coming by this route, was 
less fatal in Paris, although it lasted for a longer time 
—from November, 1853, to December, 1854. 
The three last epidemics, 1865, 1873, and 1884, 
differ from the foregoing in not having taken the 
continental route; they came by the Mediterranean 
Sea. Brought from India to Egypt by the Mecca 
pilgrims, the epidemic of 1865 entered France by way 
of Marseilles, ravaged Provence during the summer 
of 1865, and was carried to Paris towards the end of 
September by a woman who came from Marseilles. 
It was less fatal than the preceding epidemics, and 
se also was that of 1873. 
The epidemic of 1884 took the same route. First 
localized in Alexandria (1883), it attacked Naples, 
Marseilles, and Toulon in the summer of 1884, and 
overran all Provence; thence it was transferred to 
Nantes, to several towns in the north-west of France, 
and to Paris, where it was comparatively mild. Finally, 
it entered Spain at Barcelona towards the end of the 
year, and ravaged the whole peninsula through the 
summer of 1885. In August, it also reappeared in 
Marseilles and Toulon, and this could not be ascribed 
to a fresh importation from Spain or the East. 
The essentially epidemic and contagious progress 
