THE MICROBES OF HUMAN DISEASES. 211 
measles. A bacterium in the form of an 8 has also 
been found in the urine of scarlet-fever patients. 
Stickler believes that he has discovered a vaccine 
for scarlatina, by passing its virus through the horse 
or the cow. When these animais are inoculated with 
the blood of a man suffering from the disease, an 
eruption accompanied by desquamation occurs three 
days after inoculation. A man inoculated with this 
desquamation displayed a rash resembling that of 
scarlatina, and when the same man was afterwards 
inoculated with human scarlatina, he did not take the 
disease. 
Small-poe and Vacceinia.—We find in small-pox 
pustules micrococci, either isolated or united, which 
may be seen on a section of the skin if they are 
coloured with methyl violet. The same microbe may 
be observed on the pustules of the mucous membrane 
of the larynx, in the liver, the kidneys, and the blood 
of the vena porte. The attempt to cultivate it has 
hitherto failed. 
The micrococcus found in small-pox pustules does 
not differ in its form from that of cow-pox in cows, 
which constitutes, as we know, the original source 
of human vaccine. It is not yet certain that the 
microbes of small-pox and vaccinia are identical, but 
from the resemblance of the pustules and of the micro- 
cocci contained in them, it is most probable that this 
is the case, and this would explain why vaccine is 
efficacious as a preventive of small-pox. 
