APPENDIX, 805 
C. 
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER III. (p. 131). 
PLANT-DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA. 
The presence of parasitic bacteria has been recently 
pointed out as the cause of diseases in plants. In 1880, 
Burril, of Illinois, U.S., has declared the shrivelling of 
pears to be due to a bacterium which attacks fruit-trees, 
and of which he succeeded in making an artificial culture. 
In 1882, the jaundice of hyacinth bulbs was ascribed by 
Wakker, of Amsterdam, to the development of a bacterium 
between the layers, which may finally destroy the plant. 
In Angust, 1885, Luiz de Andrade Corvo presented a 
paper to the Academy of Sciences, in which he asserted 
that the vine-disease ascribed to Phylloxera vastatrix is 
really due to a bacillus, or rather, according to his de- 
scription, to a bacterium, which is always found in the 
tubercles of the radicles and in the tissues of the vine 
which are affected by this disease, termed by him tuber- 
culosis. They are also found in the body of the insect, 
which thus becomes simply the agent of contagion. 
Neither Wakker in 1882, nor Burril in 1880, was the 
first to point out the presence of microbes in the diseased 
tissues of plants. As early as the year 1869, Béchamp 
noticed the presence of microzyma, that is, bacteria, in the 
affected parts of plants (Comptes rendus de l Academie des 
Sciences, vol. lxviii. p. 466). 
