SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY 35 



■were endowed with immortal souls and lived after 

 the dissolution of the body. But the bishop made 

 the two sides of his equation equal ; he started with 

 the universal and he ended with the universal, and 

 claimed immortality for all men. Drummond, on 

 the other hand, seeks to prove a particular and ex- 

 ceptional fact by its analogy to a general law of 

 nature. In his chapter on Conformity to Type, the 

 leading idea is that every kind of organism con- 

 forms to the type of that which begat it : the oak 

 to the oak, the bird to the bird, etc. An incontro- 

 vertible statement, certainly. Now what is the 

 analogy ? This, namely, that all Christians con- 

 form to the Christ-type, and are not begotten by 

 themselves, but by Christ. Where is the force of 

 the analogy ? One fails to see it, because the argu- 

 ment proceeds from the universal to the particular 

 again ; a principle which is true of all birds, and all 

 oaks, is true of only some men. All men are not 

 Christians. Moreover, Professor Drummond urges 

 that they cannot all be Christians, and that the 

 scheme of Christianity does not require or intend 

 that they shall all be Christians. 



To give the analogy force requires that the law 

 be as general in the one case as in the other. 

 Every bird is a bird unconditionally ; it is born a 

 bird and dies a bird, and can be nothing else but a 

 bird ; and to show the same universal law of con- 

 formity to type, working in both cases, every man 

 must be a Christian on the same terms : it must be 

 shown to be the law of his being from which there 



