48 PLANT CULTURE 



3. Emulsions are near solutions of some oil and a soap solu- 

 tion. Good for plant lice and scale insects. As it is difficult to make 

 a perfect emulsion No. i has displaced the use of this class of in- 

 secticide. Kerosene emulsion consists of: Hard, soft, or fish-oil 

 soap, quarter pound; water, 2 quarts; kerosene, 1 gallon. Dissolve 

 soap in hot water; while still hot but removed from fire add kero- 

 sene and pump back and forth till it becomes a creamy mass. If 

 made properly the solution will not separate upon cooling. When 

 using, dilute with 10 to 15 parts water. 



4. Pyrethrum is the dried and powdered flowers of a certain 

 Chrysanthemum, and is useful against thrips and plant lice. As a 

 dust it is applied while foliage is moist. Pyrethrum is used in solu- 

 tion at the rate of i ounce to 3 gallons of water, mixed a day be- 

 fore using. 



5. Carbolic Acid Solution. Fish-oil soap, 8 pounds; crude 

 carbolic acid, 1 gallon; water, 8 gallons. Dissolve soap in hot 

 water, add acid, heat to boiling point 20 minutes. Use 20 gallons 

 water to each gallon of stock solution. This may be used for mealy 

 bugs and soft-bodied insects. 



POISONOUS INSECTICIDES. Use for chewing insects, 

 slugs, cut-worms, maggots, caterpillars, and most insects called 

 worms. The most used substance for this type of control is arsenic. 



6. Arsenate of Lead. This substance is used at various 

 strengths, depending on the plant affected and the insect working, 

 usually 3 pounds of paste or i J 2 pounds of powdered arsenate of 

 lead are used to 50 gallons of water. It is now the most used remedy 

 for caterpillars, slugs, maggots and worms feeding upon the foliage 

 of plants. 



7. Paris Green. Has same use as arsenate of lead, but is not 

 quite so effective. 



8. Hellebore. This is procured as a powder. It is much less 

 poisonous than arsenical insecticides and is very useful upon ripen- 

 ing fruits, especially for the Currant worm. It is applied when dew 

 is on the plants. For worms on Currant and Gooseberry bushes 

 sprinkle slaked lime very lightly. It is used at the rate of i ounce 

 to 2 gallons of water. 



9. Poison Bait. Slugs and cutworms are easily controlled by 

 distributing a poison bait over the garden or in little piles under 

 the plants. Use wheat bran mixed with a little Paris green or 

 arsenic and some syrup. Mix thoroughly and scatter about just 

 after dark. 



