CLASSIFICATION 195 



HH. Bill rather slender, not conical ; angle of gonys 

 not before nostril. 



I. Hind claw short and curved, mostly shorter 

 I than its toe; tertials not elongate, not nearly 



reaching tips of primaries. 



Mniotiltidae, The Warblers. 



II. Hind claw long and straightish, mostly longer 

 than it toe; tertials much elongate, nearly reach- 

 ing tips of primaries. .Motacillidae, The Wagtails. 



EE. Bill fissirostral, — the culraen very short, the gape very 

 broad, its length more than twice the culmen ; wings very 

 acute, the outer primary more than twice length of inner- 

 most Hirundinidae. The Swallows. 



DD. Primaries evidently ten, the first developed, but short, 

 rarely half the length of the next; (first primary obsolete 

 in some Vireos, known by the slightly hooked bill). 

 J. Tarsus distinctly scutellate. 

 K. Tarsus not longer than middle toe with 

 claw; bill short, depressed; (head crested; 

 tail tipped with yellow, in our species). 



Ampelidae, The Chatterers. 

 KK. Tarsus longer than middle toe and claw 

 (or if not, other characters not as above). 

 L. Bill strongly hooked and toothed at tip, 

 somewhat like a hawk's bill. 



Laniidae, The Shrikes. 

 LL. Bill slightly hooked at tip ; plumage 

 . more or less olivaceous. 



Vireonidae, The Vireos. 

 LLL. Bill not evidently hooked at tip. 

 M. Tail feathers stiff, pointed; bill de- 

 curved Certhiidae, The Creepers. 



MM. Tail feathers more or less soft and 

 rounded. 



N. Nasal feathers directed forwards, 

 usually covering the nostrils. 

 O. Large birds; (wing more than 4), 



