348 



ally valuable to the man with only a few trees or shrubs who would not care to go 

 .to the trouble and expense to make up the lime-sulfur wash. They should be 

 diluted with not more than lo or 12 parts of water. Use only on dormant trees. 



A good miscible oil can be made at home but it involves considerable labor and 

 unless proper grades of the different materials are used there will be difficulty in 

 combining them. Manufacturers of soaps and oils are now properly combining 

 these materials and offering the resulting emulsifiers at reasonable prices that are 

 considerably less than the cost of the proprietary miscible oils. 

 Quicklime, 20 lbs. 

 Lime and Sulfur (flour or flowers) 15 lbs. 

 sulfur wash. Water, 50 gals. 



The lime and sulfur must be thoroughly boiled. An iron kettle 

 is often convenient for the work. Proceed as follows : Place the lime in the kettle. 

 Add hot water gradually in sufiicient quantity to produce the most rapid slaking of 

 the lime. When the lime begins to slake, add the sulfur and stir together. If con- 

 venient keep the mixture covered with burlap to save the heat. After slaking has 

 ceased, add more water and boil the mixture one hour. As the sulfur goes into solu- 

 tion, a rich orange red or dark green color will appear. After boiling sufficiently, 

 add water to the required amount and strain into the spray tank. The wash is most 

 effective when applied warm, but may be applied cold. If one has access to a steam 

 boiler, boiling with steam is more convenient and satisfactory. Barrels may be 

 used for holding the mixture, and the steam applied by running a pipe or rubber 

 hose into the mixture. Proceed in the same manner as for boiling in the kettle 

 until the lime is slaked, when the steam may be turned on. Continue boiling for 

 4S minutes to an hour, or more if necessary to get the sulfur well dissolved. 



This mixture can bei applied safely only when the trees are dormant, — ^late in 

 the autumn after the leaves have fallen, or early in the spring before the buds swell. 

 It is mainly an insecticide for San Jos^ scale, although it has considerable value as a 

 fungicide for certain diseases, like the peach- leaf-curl. As the San Jos6 scale is not 

 killed unless the solution comes in contact with it, great care should be exercised 

 to completely cover the branches. 



Proprietary lime-suUur washes are now on the market and are reported 

 effective when used at the rate of i gallon of the wash to not more than 8 or 9 gallons 

 of water. 



Hydrocyanic acid gas is a deadly poison and the greatest care is 

 Fumigation required in its use. Always use 98 to 100% pure potassium 

 with hjrdrocy-' cyanide and a good grade of commercial sulphuric acid. The 

 f anic acid gas. chemicals are always combined in the following proportion : 

 Potassium cyanide, i oz.; sulphuric acid, 2 fluid ozs.; water, 4 

 fluid ozs. Always use an earthen dish, pour in the water first, and add the sulfuric 

 acid to it. Put|the required amount of cyanide in a thin paper;^bagT.and|when all 

 is ready, drop it into the liquid and leave the room immediately. For mills and 

 dwellings, use 1 oz.'of cyanide for every 100 cubic feet of space. Make the .doors 

 and windows as tight as possible by pasting strips of paper over the cracks.' Re- 

 move' the silver-ware and food, and if brass and nickel work cannot be removed 

 cover with vaseline. Place the proper amount of the acid and water for every room 

 in B-gallon jars. Use two or more in large rooms or halls. Weigh out the potassium 

 cyanide in paper bags and place them near the jars. When all is ready, drop the 

 cyanide into the jars, beginning on the top floors, since the fumes are lighter than air. 



