finished. The eggs of the first brood are deposited during May and into June the 

 larviv of this brood occurring from early in May throughout June. Pupation takes 

 place during June and July, and beetles of the second or summer brood emerge 

 during July aud into August. The eggs for the second brood of l.irvie are deposited 

 by these beetles from the middle of July tirough August, and the laivse of the 

 secoud brood skeletonize the second growth of elm leaves during the latter part of 

 July aud August, the later specimens occurring up to October. Pupation occurs 

 chietiy during August and September, the beetles appearing from the last of August 

 through September, and entering winter quarters during September and October. 



In the one-brooded regions the beetles do not appear in spring until the last of 

 May, and in general the periods are fully a month later for the different stages than 

 for the southern districts, the beetles of the summer brood transforming most abun- 

 dantly about the fir.st of August. After feeding on the leaves a little while, and doing 

 very inconsiderable damage, they go into winter quarters during August and Sep- 

 tember, remaiuing dormant eight or nine months. 



Habits of Larvte and HibematUni of Adults. — The larvte from each batch of eggs 

 feed together somewhat gregariously for a time, but ordinarily become separated 

 and scattered later, especially with a scantiness of food. When full grown they 

 normally crawl down the branches to the trunk and then to the ground, pupating 

 almost immediately on or very near the surface of the soil just about the base of 

 the tree. They are apt to seek partial protection about grass bunches, but fre- 

 quently accumulate xn masses, exposed on the surface in such a manner as to make a 

 striking yellow carpet about the tree from a few inches to a foot or more wide. 

 With very large elms, however, many of the larvie are shaken off by winds or fall 

 directly to the ground, sometimes fairly covering the surface over a diameter equal 

 to the limb-expanse of the tree. 



Hibernation is in the adult state both where there is but one brood and where 

 there are two. For this purpose the beetles frequently enter houses and bams or 

 outbuildings, sometimes assembling in such numbers that it is possible to collect 

 them by the quart. They also enter cracks in posts, telegraph poles, fences, etc., or 

 wherever they can secure partial protection from winter storms. 



Siisceptiltilitii of Different Elms. — European elms seem to be especial favorites with 

 this insect, and this would naturally be expected from its European origin. Its 

 preference for the European elms is especially noticeable where these are grown in 

 conjunction with American elms, the former being frequently entirely denuded, 

 while the latter remain practically uninjured. In general the coarser-leaved sorts 

 of elms are distasteful to the beetles, and the smooth, thin-leaved varieties are 

 especially subject to attack. The American species, Ulmus americatia, is notably 

 exempt, and this, together with the general immunity of other American species, is 

 a strong argument in favor of restricting planting to our native sorts. All species 

 of elms, however, are attacked more or less, and in the absence of sufficient foliage 

 of the favorite varieties, the injury to less palatable sorts becomes almost equally 

 marked. 



REMEDIES. 



In nearly every stage of the life-history of this insect it is easily subject to treat- 

 ment. The best means against the adults and larvte consist in the use of arsenical 

 poisons in the form of sprays on the foliage. The adults, for a week or two after 

 emerging, feed on the newly-expanded foliage, and a spraying with Paris green or 

 other arsenical will destroy the great majority of them. Especial pains should be 

 taken to accomplish the destruction of the insect in this stage, in order to prevent 

 the partial disfigurement which will result if the matter be delayed until the larvse 

 begm to appear. If rains interfere with spraying for the adults, or if it be neglected, 

 the trees should be sprayed with arsenicals promptly on the first appearance of the 

 larv;e, and the application perhaps renewed a week or ten days later, especially if 

 rams have intervenetl. 



