The Eukopean Elm Scale 11 



limited statepient, it is fair to say that by far the greatest number of 

 females in the egg-laying season are to be found on the bark of the 

 larger and lower limbs on the underside. 



On June 19th, 1907, practically all the females had completed their 

 semi-cocoons and were engorged with eggs ; at this stage they resemble 

 tiny sacks of tough, leathery material filled with hundreds of eggs and 

 the usual red-brown body fluids. No larvae, however, were to be found 

 on leaves or bark up to June 19th.* 



BEFORE IMPEEGNATION 



Length from 1.23 mm. to 1.47 nun. ; average 1.35 mm. Breadth 

 from .63 mm. to .78 mm. ; average .695 mm. Outline ovate, twice as 

 long as broad; tapering to the two-lobed posterior extremity each 

 lobe of which bears four stout, blunt, dorsal spines and a terminal 

 filament whose length is about equal to one-fifth that of the body. 

 Dorsal surface olive green to dark brown. Entire dorsum and the 

 lateral margins thickly set with stout, blunt spines. The antennae are 

 rather short and stout ; their length is to that of the body as one is to six. 

 The segments of the antennae are not so deeply incised as in the male ; 

 but the segmentation is distinct. The third segment is the longest; 

 fifth and sixth are shorter than the terminal seventh, which bears a 

 number of short hairs and two longer ones, whose length is to that of 

 the segment as 58 is to 41. Of the leg-segments the femur is longest ; 

 the tibia is shortest. The lengths of femur, tibia and tarsus are to each 

 other as 13, 11, and 12. The genito-anal ring is surrounded by eight 

 slender, flagelliform hairs not extending to the ends of the anal lobes. 



After impregnation the female becomes distended with eggs; so 

 engorged, in fact, as to resemble a tiny, leathern sack, roughly glob- 

 ular or ovoid, pointed posteriorly, flattened dorsally ; the back smooth 

 and shining, of a deep mahogany-brown color, distinctly segmented. 

 The power of locomotion is lost ; but the female is held in place on the 

 bark by a semi-cocoon of wax while the eggs are laid. Plate X. 



THE EGG 



On June 26th, 1907, larvae were appearing so rapidly that within 

 each semi-cocoon there was a struggling mass of them entangled with 



Reno, June 18th, 1907. 



•Females full of eggs are now abundant on Infested elms. Male cocoons 

 are empty. Branches of elms are smeared with honey-dew. Upon dorsal 

 pressure from a dissecting needle, the females extrude two white anal 

 organs between which a clear fluid is ejected, sometimes bubbling out in 

 tiny drops, sometimes in a jet with force enough to throw drops far from, 

 the body. No larvae as yet observed on leaves or branches. 



