— 6- 



great numbers of elliptical or circular whitish rings surrounding a 



darker center clustered along the under side of the lower limbs and 

 branches. If the bark is cracked, rows of the 

 insects will be found to cover the cracks and so 

 be arranged ' longitudinally to the branch. 

 These light margined objects are the bodies of 

 old female lice and may te of one, two or three 

 years' standing. A closer examination will re- 

 veal the fact that many of the central darker 

 parts, which are the bodies proper of the lice, 

 are absent,- these having fallen away with age 

 The white marginal ring surrounding the 

 body of the insect, consists ol a somewhat fi~ 

 brous, waxy material, secreted by the develop- 

 ing insect It becomes firmly attached to the 

 bark and curled inward, arching over the back 

 of the insect, .where its edge is somewhat 

 fringed. The body becomes with age dark 

 brown, smooth, convex longitudinally, tlie seg- 

 mentation usually remaining distinct. 



The preceding description applies to the 

 female only. The male insect assumes a very 

 different form. As the males do not take food, 



they may be found at any point on the bark, usually, however, in more 



or less protecting spots. On nearing maturity, the males secrete a 



minute pocket-like case, or cocoon, within 



which they cast their larval skin, and acquire 



a single pair of wings. They then emerge 



from the the cocoon, and mating with the fe- 

 males, disappear. The empty cocoons remain 



attached to the bark. They occur singly, but 



usually in clusters, each a minute white object 



less than a twelfth ol an inch long. Where the 



plates of cork are numerous on the branches of 



the cork elm, the female lice become fixed to 



the narrow strips of living bark between the 



plates of cork, while the male cocoons may be 



found in the narrow crevices in the cork. 

 The young lice, as they appear at this season, 



can be seen with the unaided eye only on close 



examination. Under a strong lens, a cluster 



of them presents a dull grayish appearance. Individually they are 



somewhat oval in shape, and are covered with minute whitish spines. 



Fig. i—Gossyparia ulml— 

 Section of branch showiug 

 the usual appearance of the 

 insects; a, females over a 

 crack in the bark. (Two 

 small groups are seen in, the 

 upper part of the figure.) e. 

 a cluster of small cocoons. 

 (Another cluster is at the 

 left of the figure ) 



Fig, 2—Gossyparia utmi — 

 Section of branch of cork 

 elm, showingfemale insects 

 between the plates of jcork. 

 (Male cucoons are often 

 found in the smaller crevices 

 of the corky plates ) 



