— 7 — 



Most of them are quiet in their place of hibernation, but on being dis- 

 turbed many will leave their positions, moving sluggishly. 



RELATIONSHIP AND LIFE HISTORY. 



This insect belongs to the family of insects Cocddce, which is repre- 

 sented bv many very injurious insects. The various scale insects, some 

 of which are particularly injurious to the citrus 

 fruits of California; also the mealy bugs, one 

 of which is common in conservatories, and an- 

 other most destructive to the orange in Florida, 

 are closely allied to this elm insect. Thus, on 

 investigation, it is found that the near relatives 

 of the insect in question are notorious for their 

 injurious habits, a fact which should give us 

 Fig. i-sossyparia uimi— some assurance that our enemy of the elm is 



Female insects greaUy en- , ^ . , . 



larged. (The upper two worthy of earnest consideration. 



show the dark bodies proper: r-^ • . i i - , i • i • i ,, • 



the lower is the cup-like Owing to the short pcHod during which this 



waxy secretion, the body of . ^ , , j , 



the iusect having fallen insect has been under observation, an account 

 shown clustered a'bout ^he of its life-history in Nevada cannot be given at 

 mother insects.) ^^^ present time. In lieu of this a brief state- 



ment of its principal habits, as recorded by observers in the East, is pre- 

 sented. 



The young lice are born in late June and early July. They soon mi- 

 grate to the leaves, where they remain until August, when they return 

 to the twigs and branches, probably for hibernation in protecting crev- 

 ices. On the return of warm weather in Spring, they again become 

 active and the males form their cocoons. Early, in May the males 

 emerge from their cocoons, when mating occurs, after which they dis- 

 appear. The females now become perrrlanently fixed to the bark, and 

 the life cycle is closed upon the birth of young in June and July. 



REMEDIES. 



The destruction of this insect should not be attended with the diffi- 

 culty that has characterized efforts in this direction against the San Jose 

 and other scale insects. The latter are protected by a roof-like scale 

 which protects the tender parts of the body and enables the insects to 

 very effectually resist the remedies ordinarily employed. In the case 

 of the elm insect, the body remains exposed and thus is more likely to 

 yield to the action of corrosive washes. 



RESULTS IN THE LABORATORY. 



Freshly cut infested branches were treated in the laboratory with 

 kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap and the fumes of hydro-cyanic acid 



