I. A EUROPEAN ELM SAWFLY LEAF-MINER 



Kaliosyspliinga uhni Sundeval 



The American elm often develops into the most beautiful, majestic and 

 graceful of shade-trees. It usually suffers less from insect foes than most 

 other shade-trees. The English 

 and Scotch elms and their varie- 

 ties also have been largely 

 planted for shade-trees in many 

 parts of this country, and for a 

 long time they were equally as 

 free from insect depredations as 

 the American elms. In com- 

 paratively recent years, however, 

 several of the insect enemies of 

 the European elms in their native 

 home have become established 

 in America. 



The European elm leaf -beetle 

 {Galerucella luteola) has been 

 ravaging elms, mostly the Euro- 

 pean species, for nearly 70 

 years, and is doubtless now the 

 most serious elm pest in New 

 York and neighboring States 

 {Fig. 22). Since 1884, European 

 elms in widely scattered localities 

 in the United States, and 

 especially in New York, have 

 suffered from the European elm 

 bark-scale {^Gossyparia ulmi). 

 In 1896, my attention was called 

 to little case-bearing caterpillars 

 (shown in Fig. 23) working on 

 European elms in Brooklyn 

 Parks. The insect is apparently 

 another importation, the Euro- 

 pean elm case-bearer {Coleophora Umosipcnnella), and it is spreading and 

 increasing its injuries. 



I must now add to this list another serious insect enemy which has followed 

 the European elms to America. This new elm pest is a near relative of the 



Fig. 22. — Elm leaf-beetle larva at work. N^aiurcU size. 



