Two New Shade-Tree Pests. 51 



Kaliosysphinga ulmi Sundeval.* I have found the insect working on the 

 European elms scattered through the city of Ithaca, and it is apparently on 

 the increase. It doubtless occurs in most localities in New York, and perhaps, 

 in other States, where European elms are planted. The insect must have 

 been in this country at least ten or fifteen years. 



In England and Scotland, this elm pest is common but apparently rarely 

 does noticeable injury. It is also widely distributed through Sweden, Germany, 

 France and Russia. 



The insect. — The adult insect (Fig. 27) is a small, shining-black sawfly 

 ' measuring about three millimeters in length, with its wings projecting beyond 

 tlie body a little. The wings expand to about eight millimeters across. The 

 antennae and femora are black and the remainder of the legs are light brown 

 vith a blackish tinge. The wings are considerably clearer than those of the 

 alder sawfly (Figs. 27 and 28). The saw-like ovipositor of the female is shown 

 in Fig. 27. t The eggs are stuck into the elm leaves (Fig. 25), and the tiny 

 whitish larvae which hatch therefrom begin life at once as miners, finally con- 

 suming practically all of the interior tissues of the leaf over an area about 

 half an inch in diameter. Full-grown larvae measure about seven millimeters 

 in length, and several are shown in Fig. 24. I found no striking characters 

 for distinguishing them from their near relatives working in alder leaves. X The 

 full-grown larvae eat through the epidermal floor or roof of their mines and 

 drop to the ground where, about an inch below the surface, they make small, 

 thin, elongate, cylindrical, brown, papery cocoons in which they transform 

 early in May, through tender, whitish pupae into the black adults or sawflies. 



Food-plants. — In Europe this insect is recorded as feeding on English 



* This species was described in 1847 by SundevaKForliandl. red de Skand. Naturforsk. 

 Christiania, p. 240, 241). For other European references see Dalla Torre's Catalogus 

 Hymenopterorum, Vol. i, p. 158, and Cameron's Mon. British Phyt. Hym., Vol. j, p. 295. 

 This species is easily separated from the others in the same genus by the position of the 

 radial cross-vein as given in Konow's Table on p. 59, and which can be readily seen by 

 comparing the wing venation in Figs. 3 and 8. 



t It is an interesting fact that every specimen of over 125 of th,e sawflies collected one 

 day on elm leaves at Ithaca, N. Y. were females. Further collections gave similar results; 

 I have seen no males during two seasons' observations. Cameron says the males are 

 "similar, but with thicker and longer antennse, the joints from the fourth being percepti- 

 bly thicker than the basal ones." Brischke says (Beob. Arten der Blatt und Holzwespen, 

 1883, p. 261, as intermedia) in his brief account that he knew only the females. 



\ The very young larvae are said (Healy in The Entomologist, for 1896, p. 29S) to have 

 a large dark spot on the venter of the first thoracic segment, with two small brown dots on 

 each side and a small black dot on the venter of the remaining body segments except the 

 last. But at the first moult these decorative markings are all thrown off. The full-grown 

 larva is distinctly segmented and of a whitish color with the green food particles giving it 

 a greenish tinge. The much flattened head is light brown with mandibles darker. The six 

 true legs are slightly brownish and are little used, the larvae moving about in their mines 

 with a wriggling motion of the whole body. Rudimentary pro-legs are present on segments 

 5 to 12. 



