SYLVICULTURE. 



the rills, and the transplanting distance must be comparatively 

 wide. 



Seedlings might be cleft planted; but hole planting forms the 

 rule. Fall planting necessary. Larch permits of heavy trimming. 

 Mulch seeds for one week before planting. European Larch does 

 ■well at Biltmore and in the Adirondacks. 



Hemlock: Grows very slowly in youth. Seedbeds require heavy 

 sheltering (under cloth screens). Transplant the two year olds, and 

 plant the five year olds under cover in the woods. 



Douglas Fir: Seeds are still expensive; hence transplants four 

 years old are usual, though seedlings two years, old are certain of 

 success. Hot-house treatment of seeds secures early and simultane- 

 ous sprouting. Plant seedlings in open ground, not under cover. 

 Plantations made near London, England, lose the long top shoots 

 by sea winds; at Axton, thej' suffer from frost; at Biltmore, the 

 growth is strikingly poor, possibly due to the deficiency in atmos- 

 pheric humidity. Plants 14 years old are hardly chest high; plants 

 11 years old only knee high. In all cases the Washington variety is 

 used. Varietas glauca, of Colorado, forms one summer shoot only, 

 grows slowly, and is said to be more hardy. 



Red Cedar: Juniperus virginiana: Seeds lie always dormant for. 

 one summer. Seedlings two years old are ready for planting. High 

 lath screens in nurseries advisable (Green). Very slow growth. 

 Shade bearing. 



Lawson's Cypress: Stands intense shade, resists frosts, suffers 

 from fungi; is well adapted to imderplanting. 



Paragraph XXXVII. Results of planting experiments with American 

 hardwoods. 



For many years, the governmental forestry bureaus of the Ger- 

 man Empire have been examining into the merits of some leading 

 American tree species. 



Locust and White Pine have been planted so extensively that 

 they are considered to be " naturalized forest citizens." 



In a number of instances, the European views fail to tally with 

 the results of American investigations made with reference to the 

 sylvics of our leading species. 



A. Fraxinus americana: requirements as in excelsa; stands in- 

 undation better — even long ones! 



Germination in first spring; no overlying. 



Plant seeds in fall, or else in early spring after three days soak- 

 ing. One year old, one foot high. 



86 



