ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629 



108. In 1860, previously to the commencement of the Califomian Geo- 

 logical Survey, Dr. J. G. ("ooper joined a military expedition across the Eocky 

 iiountains, under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. Having forwarded 

 lus notes and specimens to Judge Cooper, they were placed in the hands of 

 Mr. Thomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a "Notice of Land and 

 Freshwater Shells, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Eocky Mountains, &c.," 

 which appears in the • Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. York,' 1861, pp. 362 et seq. 

 We have here the judgment of one of the most distinguished students of 

 ' American land-sheUs, whose labours on the tropical forms have accumulated 

 facts so important in their bearing on the Darwinian controversy *. The fol- 

 lowing is an outline of the Keport, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious 

 notes on the station and distribution of species : — 



Ko. 



1. Selur Townsendiana, Lea. " Both slopes of the Bitter Root Moimtains, from 



2200-5600 ft. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Small 

 var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in 

 Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Moimtains. The most -wide-spread of the 

 species," J. G. C.\ Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste Bland. 



2. Helve Mullani, n.s., Bland. " Under logs and in dry pine-woods : dead, Coeur 



d'Alene Mission : living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains," J. O. C. ; 

 St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Birmey. Closely allied to H, Co- 

 lumbiana, 'LBa.,=labiosa, Gld. A beautiful hyaline var. was found under a 

 stone, by the Bitter Root River, 4000 ft. high. 



3. Helve polygyrella, n.s.. Bland. " Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of 



spruce-forests ; common on the Coeur d'Alene Mountains, especialljr eastern 

 slope," J. O. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi- 

 nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil. 



4. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea, = //. concava, Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nee Say ; 



= H. vellicata, Fhs., certa,inly; =: H. sportella, 0\d., -prohaMy. " West side 

 of Coeur d'Alene Mountains, W. T., in forests of Coniferas, such as it in- 

 habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 miles, 

 is a wide plain, quite uninhabitable for snails, on account of drought. Th's 

 sp. and H. Townsendiana probably travel round it through the northern 

 forests in lat. 49°," J. G. C. Also Crescent City, Cal., Newcomb ; Oregon 

 City, Whidby's Is., W. T. ; Mus. Bland. Found on the Pacific slope, from 

 Puget Sound to San Diego. 

 6. Helix strigosa, Gld. " ^stivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale,' 

 containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter R,oot River, Eocky Moun- 

 tains," J. G. C. ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska ; Rio Piedra, W. New 

 Mexico ; teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six 

 young shells. [?May not these have been abnormally hatched in the body 

 of the parent, from the unnatural confinement.] 



6. Helix Cooperi, Binn., jun. " East side of Mullan's Pass, Rockv Mountains, 



W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft," J.G.C.; Black Hills of Nebraska, Dr. 

 V. Hayden ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska ; west side of Wind River 

 Mountains ; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland. Passes by varieties 

 towards H. strigosa, Gld. Hayden's shell from Bridger's Pass,Nebr., referred 

 to by Binn., jun., Joum. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H solitaria, var., is 

 the young of this species. 



7. Helix solitaria, Say. Both slopes of Coeur d'Alene Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G. C. 



Also Prairie States, teste Bland. 



8. Helix arborea, Say. " Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate 



River, 4500 ft. high," J. G. C. Found fi'om Labrador to Texas, and from 

 Florida to Nebi-aska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex. ; also Guadaloupe, 

 teste Beau and Fh-ussae, letter to Say, 1820 ; teste Bland. 



* Vide " Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the 

 West Indies, &o.," by Thomas Bland. Eeprinted from Ann. Ljc. Nat. Hist., voLvii. Ifew 

 York 186i. 



115 



