Mind in Animals. 359 
But some have claimed that memory is a mere emanation 
from the brain. That an inferior brain is coupled with an 
inferior intellect, and that if the brain be slightly or seri- 
ously injured, the powers of thought will be weakened or 
utterly held in abeyance, are arguments that have been made 
to prove that thought is the creation of the brain. The facts 
in themselves are true, but the conclusion is false. The 
brain is but the organ or instrument of the thought-power, 
and stands in the same relation to it that a tool does toa 
carpenter. However good an artisan a carpenter may be, it 
is but common-sense to say that he cannot turn out good 
work with a blunt instrument, or any work at all with a 
broken one. So it is with the brain. Itis but the tool of 
the spirit, and, if it be damaged in any way, the keenest 
intellect will not be able to work with it. Memory, more- 
over, exists in creatures which are devoid of brain. No real 
brain, but only a succession of nervous ganglia running the 
entire length of the body, is found in insects, and indeed 
in many of them the faculty of memory is very strongly 
developed. 
Then there is the moner, a mere speck of formless pro- 
toplasm, that has not the slightest trace of a specialized 
nervous system, yet it has the power of throwing out arms 
and of retracting them into the general body-mass, of opening 
out mouths where a particle of food strikes it, of digesting 
its food, and of circulating its fluid without the necessity of 
canals, But how are these movements effected? Certainly 
a nervous influence is the prime mover of all its actions. 
Nerve-matter, mayhap, constitutes its entire body-mass, or it 
may be all brain as well as all muscle. Though the lowest 
and simplest of all animal life, yet it possesses an innate con- 
sciousness and intelligence. Memory is not wanting as a 
faculty of the mind of this all-brain animal, which I have 
thought fit to characterize it, as some actions of it already 
described under the head of “Slime Animals” seem very 
clearly to indicate. 
