Survival of the Fittest. 457 
such spirits prompting to action as men are conscious they 
themselves possess.” Probably, as has been clearly shown 
by Tyler, dreams may have first given rise to the notion of 
spirits. Savages do not readily discriminate between sub- 
jective and objective phenomena. When a savage dreams, 
the figures which appear in his vision are believed to have 
come from a distance and to stand over him, or the soul of 
the dreamer goes out on a journey and returns with a 
remembrance of what has been seen. That tendency in 
savages to imagine that natural objects and agencies are 
animated by living or spiritual beings may be illustrated by 
a little fact which I have frequently noticed. Standing on 
the corner of a street, waiting for a closed snow-sweeper, 
which was driven by electricity, to pass, my attention was 
directed to a young horse that was geared toahansom. The 
horse was at rest, and its driver, evidently awaiting some 
one, sat upon the box. Upon the appearance of the sweeper 
the horse reared, turned his face directly toward the object 
of his fear, pawed the pavement in the most impatient man- 
ner possible, and then looked wistfully and pleadingly at his 
master, as though imploring protection from some fearful 
and gigantic monster. Another sweeper passed while I was 
still in waiting, and the poor animal went through the same 
trying and fearful ordeal as before. He must, I think, 
have reasoned in a rapid and unconscious manner, that 
movement without any apparent cause indicated the presence 
of some strange living agent, which was about to do him 
some serious physical harm. Belief in spiritual agencies 
would thus easily pass into a belief in the existence of one 
or more gods, for savages would naturally ascribe to spirits 
the same passions, the same line of vengeance or simple 
form of justice, and the same affections which they them- 
selves experienced. 
Religious devotion is a highly complex feeling. Love, 
complete submission to an exalted and mysterious superior, 
a strong sense of dependence, fear, reverence, gratitude, hope 
