MORBID ANATOMY 147 
arterioles and capillaries with red and white blood cells. 
Krajewski confirmed these observations and noticed also 
that the spaces adjacent to the blood-vessels were filled 
with lymphoid cells, even in animals showing no nervous 
symptoms prior to death. In acute nervous distemper 
Dexter and Mazulewitsch found changes in the vessel 
walls, the latter being surrounded by an albuminous 
exudate, which also invaded the interstitial tissue of the 
grey matter of the spinal cord in chronic distemper they 
observed a localised interstitial myelitis, with partial 
atrophy of the spinal cord. Hadden found accumulations 
of blood corpuscles in it, and Trasbdét recorded that acute 
cases were accompanied by a considerable injection of the 
cord and its membranes with a sero-fibrinous exudate in 
and beneath the arachnoid, and even in the cord substance. 
In a dog affected with chorea as a sequel to distemper, 
Carougeau noted an infiltration of leucocytes in the grey 
matter of the entire cord, especially in the anterior horn, 
which observations were confirmed by Bohl and Rexter. 
Little or no deviation from normal is often the macro- 
scopic observation at autopsy, but many cases arise 
in which the membranes of the brain are found highly 
charged with dark-coloured blood, especially when 
epileptic fits have accompanied the disease. 
There may even be a softening of the brain substance, 
with flattening of.the convolutions, and a considerable 
effusion of serum into the ventricles. Blaine was of 
opinion that universal paralysis owed its origin to a 
morbid increase of the fluid in the ventricles of the 
brain. 
The spinal cord as a rule appears normal, but in rare 
cases its sheath will be unusually vascular, softer in con- 
sistence, and suffused with more or less serous fluid. 
Blood.—The blood may be deficient in quantity or 
quality, or even hydrzmic, but in cases associated with 
