442 NATURE-STUDY 



cicada on tree trunks. It is probably too late to see the 

 emergence of the adult. Catch and cage cicadas.* Note 

 wings, eyes, "snare drum" on males. (J, 47, 132, 133, 33, 34.) 

 Note the shrill noise of the cicada on a hot day. 



Bring in walking-sticks. Why so named? Where do 

 they live ? Are they easily seen ? Place one on some twigs. 

 Note how easily it escapes notice.* What advantage is it 

 to the insect? How many legs has it? Any wings? Note 

 feelers. Do not be afraid of it. It cannot bite or sting. 

 Keep some in a cage and feed on fresh oak and other leaves. 



(J, 132, 136, i30> S4-) 



Miscellaneous: Collect crayfish, clams, snails, frogs, 

 toads, turtles,* and fish, and keep them in aquar.'a or vivaria. 

 Tree frogs are interesting. 



Crayfish*: Note actions of living creature, swimming, 

 crawling, pinching, feeling with antennae. Feed bits of 

 meat, liver, etc. Observe the jointing of the body, the 

 hard shell, use of shell, the big pincers, the jointed legs. 

 Under back part of body note small blades used in swim- 

 ming forward. What is used in swimming backward? 

 Where do the crayfish live? Are they easily seen? Why? 

 If kept well long enough the crayfish may shed its shell, — 

 a very interesting sight, and an opportunity for a lesson on 

 that subject. (B, I, 47, 33, 34, 93.) 



Simple informal observation of the actions and habits of 

 the snail * and clam.* The pond snails are easily kept in 

 aquaria. Get some large imported land snails. Helix poma- 

 tia- ( Zi' 34, etc. 93, I.) 



Observe the disappearance of frogs, toads, turtles, earth- 

 worms, gophers, etc. What becomes of them? Place a 

 toad in a box of earth outside and observe what it does. Dis- 



