The Study of Consciousness and Behavior 17 
‘conscious relations or connections, knowledge of which 
informs us of the result to come from the action of a given 
situation on a given animal, may be expected to be fully 
half of the subject-matter of mental science. 
As was noted in the early pages of this chapter, the psy- 
chologist commonly does adopt the attitude of treating mind 
as a system of connections long enough to give some account 
of the facts of instinct, habit, memory, and the like. But 
the dogma that psychology deals exclusively with the inner 
stream of mind-stuff has made these accounts needlessly 
scanty and vague. 
One may appreciate fully the importance of finding out 
whether the attention-consciousness is clearness or is some- 
thing else, and whether it exists in two or three discrete 
degrees or in a continuous series of gradations, and still 
insist upon the equal importance of finding out to what 
facts and for what reasons human beings do attend. There 
would appear, for example, to be an unfortunate limitation 
to the study of human nature by the examination of its 
consciousnesses, when two eminent psychologists, writing 
elaborate accounts of attention from that point of view, 
tell us almost nothing whereby we can predict what any 
given animal will attend to in any given situation, or can 
cause in any given animal a state of attention to any given 
fact. 
One may enjoy the effort to define the kind of mind-stuff 
in which one thinks of classes of facts, relations between 
facts and judgments about facts, and still protest that a 
proper balance in the study of intellect demands equal or 
greater attention to the problems of why any given animal 
thinks of any given fact, class or relation in any given 
situation and why he makes this or that judgment about it. 
In the case of the so-called action-consciousness the 
c 
