The Study of Consciousness and Behavior 9 
do likewise, reporting to himself instead of to them. The 
similarity of the procedure to that in studying a so-called 
physical fact is still clearer if we suppose a primitive con- 
dition of the scales of length and temperature. Suppose 
for example that for the length of aman we had only 
‘short’ or ‘tall as a deer,’ ‘medium’ or ‘tall as a moose,’ 
and ‘tall’ or ‘ tall as a horse’; and for the intensity of the 
_ toothache of a man ‘little’ or ‘intense as a pin-prick,’ 
‘medium’ or ‘intense as a knife-cut,’ and ‘great’ or ‘in- 
tense as a spear-thrust.’ | Then obviously the only difference 
_ between the identification of the length of a man’s body and 
_the identification of the intensity of his toothache would 
“be that the latter was made by all on the basis of behavior 
‘as well as anatomy, and made by the individual havin 
it on the basis of data from an additional sense-organ. | 
In actual present practice, if observers were asked to 
identify the intensity of John’s toothache on a scale run- 
ning from.zer6 intensity up, the variability of the reports 
would be very great in comparison with those of stature 
or body-temperature. Supposing the most intense tooth- 
ache to be called K, we might well have reports of from 
say .300 K to .450 K, some observers identifying the fact 
with a condition one and a half times as intense as that 
. chosen by others. But such a variability might also occur 
-in primitive men’s judgments of length or temperature. 
_ It is important to note that the accuracy of John’s own 
identification of it depends in any case on his knowledge 
of the scale and his power of comparing his toothache there- 
with. Well-trained outside observers might identify the 
“intensity of John’s toothache more accurately than he 
could. , 
In the case of John’s anxiety, the most striking fact is 
the low degree of accuracy in identification. The quality of 
