6 _ Animal Intelligence 
and without quantitative precision by one science or group 
of scientists comes to be treated more objectively, definitely 
and exactly by another, it is of course a gain, a symptom of 
the general advance of science. That geology may become 
a part of physics, or physiology a part of chemistry, is testi- 
mony to the advance of geology and physiology. Light 
is no less worthy of study by being found to be explainable 
by laws discovered in the study of electricity. Meteorology 
had to reach a relatively high development to provoke 
the wit to say that “All the science in meteorology is, 
physics, the rest is wind.” 
These objections to be significant should frankly assert 
that between physical facts and mental facts, between 
bodies and minds, between any and all of the animal’s 
movements and its states of consciousness, there is an ira- 
passable gap, a real discontinuity, found nowhere else. in 
science; and that by making psychology responsible for 
tartitory on both sides of the gap, one makes psychology 
include two totally disparate group of facts, things and 
‘thoughts, requiring totally different methods of study. 
This is, of course, the traditional view of the scope of 
psychology, reiterated in the introductions to the standard 
books and often accepted in theory as axiomatic. 
It has, however, already been noted that in practice 
psychologists do study facts in disregard of this supposed 
gap, that the same term refers to facts belonging some on 
one side of it and some on the other, and that, in animal 
psychology, it seems very unprofitable to try to keep on 
one side or the other. Moreover, the practice to which the 
study of animal and child psychology leads is, if I under-- 
stand their writings, justified as a matter of theory by 
Dewey and Santayana. If then, as a matter of scientific. 
fact, human and animal behavior, with or without con- 
