Experimental Study of Associative Processes 59 
O was like K, except that there was only one bar, that 
e string ran inside the box, so that it was easily accessible, 
nd that the bolt raised in K by depression of the platform 
ould be raised in O (and was by the dog experimented on) 
by sticking the muzzle out between two bars just above 
the bolt and by biting the string, at the same time jerking 
it upward. O was 30X 20X25 in size. 
‘The box G was used for both dogs and cats, without any 
variation save that for dogs the resistance of the door to 
pressure outwards was doubled. 
In these boxes were put in the course of the experiments 
dog 1 (about 8 months old), and dogs 2 and 3, adults, all 
of small size. 
‘A dog who, when hungry, is shut up in one of these boxes , 
is not nearly so vigorous in his struggles to get out as is the | 
young cat. | And even after he has experienced the pleasure 
eating on escape many times he does not try to get out | 
hard as a cat, young or old. - He does try to a certain - 
tent. He paws or bites the bars or screening, and tries _ 
td, squeeze out in a tame sort of way. He gives up his 
attempts sooner than the cat, if they prove unsuccessful. 
Fi rthermore his attention is taken by the food, not the _ 
coitfinement. He wants to get to the food, not out of the 
boxt. So, unlike the cat, he confines his efforts to the front 
of the box. It was also a practical necessity that the dogs 
should be kept from howling in the evening, and for this 
reason I could not use as motive the utter hunger which 
the cats were made to suffer. In the morning, when the 
experiments were made, the dogs were surely hungry, 
and no experiment is recorded in which the dog was not 
in a state to be willing to make a great effort for a bit of 
meat, but the motive may not have been even and equal 
throughout, as it was with the cats. 
