Experimental Study of Associative Processes 81 
IMITATION IN CHICKS 
No. 64 learned to get out of a certain pen (16 x 10 inches) 
by crawling under the wire screening at a certain spot. 
There was also a chance to get out by walking up an inclined 
plane and then jumping down. No. 66 was put in with 64. 
After 9 minutes 20 seconds, 66 went out by the inclined 
plane, although 64 had in the meantime crawled out under 
the screen g times. (As soon as he got out and ate a little 
B 
B | : w 
] B A: 
= | ; Cc 
Cc Cc 
Fic. 10. Fic. 20. 
he was put back.) It was impossible to judge how many 
of these times 66 really saw 64 do this. He was looking in 
that direction 5 of the times. So also, in three more trials, 
66 used the inclined plane, though 64 crawled under each 
time. 67 was then tried. In 4 minutes ro seconds, he 
crawled under, 64 having done so twice. Being then put 
in alone, he, without the chance to imitate, still crawled 
under. So probably he went under when with 64 not by 
imitation but by accident, just as 64 had learned the thing 
himself. 
The accompanying figure (19) shows the apparatus used 
in the next experiment. A represents the top of a box 
(5 X 4 inches), 13 inches above the level of the floor C. 
On the floor C were the chicks and food. B is the top of 
a box ro inches high. Around the edges of A except the 
one next B a wire screen was placed, and 65 was repeatedly 
G 
