82 Animal Intelligence 
put upon A until he learned to go quickly back to C via B. 
Then the screen was bent outward at X so that a chick 
could barely squeeze through and down (A to C). Eleven 
chicks were then one at a time placed on A with 65. In 
every case but one they went A—-C. In the case of the chick 
(75) who went A—B-C, there could have been no imitation, 
for he went down before 65 did. One other went through 
the hole before 65 went to B. The remaining nine all had 
a chance to imitate 65 and to save the uncomfortable 
struggle to get through the hole, 65 going A-B-C 8 times 
before 68 went A-C, 2 times when with 66 and 76, once in 
the case of each of the others. 
In still another experiment the apparatus was (as shown in 
Fig. 20) a pen 14 inches square, 10 inches high, with a wire 
screen in front and a hole 34 inches square in the back. 
This hole opened into a passageway (B) leading around to C, 
where were the other chicks and food. Chicks who had 
failed, when put in alone, to find the way out, were put in 
with other chicks who had learned the way, to see if by 
seeing them go out they would learn the way. Chick 70 
was given 4 trials alone, being left in the box 76 minutes all 
told. He was then given 9 trials (165 minutes) with another 
chick who went out via B 36 times. 70 failed to follow him 
on any occasion. The trials were all given in the course 
of two days. Chick 73 failed in 1 trial (12 minutes) to get 
out of himself, and was then given 4 trials (94 minutes) 
with another chick who went out va B 33 times. In this 
experiment, as in all others reported, sure evidence that the 
animals wanted to get out, was afforded by their persistent 
peckings and jumpings at the screen or bars that stood 
between them and C. Chick 72, after 8 unsuccessful trials 
alone (41 minutes), was given 8 trials with a chance to 
imitate. After the other chick had gone out 44 times, 72 
