84 Animal Intelligence 
slight general factor in forming experience, but as a definite 
associational process in the mind. The utter absence of 
imitation in this limited sense is apparently demonstrated 
by the results of the following experiments. 
V was a box 16 X 12 X 84, with the front made of wire 
screening and at the left end a little door held by a bolt but 
in such a way that a sharp peck at the top of the door would 
force it open. 
W was a box of similar size, with a door in the same place 
fixed so that it was opened by raising a bolt. To this bolt 
was tied a string which went up over the top of the edge of 
the box and back across the box, asin D. By jumping up 
and coming down with the head over this thread, the bolt 
would bepulledup. The thread was 83 inches above the floor. 
X was a box of similar size, with door, bolt and string 
likewise. But here the string continued round a pulley at 
the back down to a platform in the corner of the box. By 
stepping on the platform the door was opened. 
Y was a box 12 X 8 X 84, witha door in the middle of the 
front, which I myself opened when a chick pecked at a tack 
which hung against the front of the box 14 inches above the 
top of the door. 
These different acts, pecking at a door, jumping up and 
with the neck pulling down a string, stepping on a platform, 
and pecking at a tack, were the ones which various chicks 
were given a chance to imitate. The chicks used were from 
16 to 30 days old. The method of experiment was to put 
a chick in, leave him 60 to 80 seconds, then put in another 
who knew the act, and on his performing it, to let both 
escape. No cases were counted unless the imitator ap- 
parently saw the other do the thing. After about ten such 
chances to learn the act, the imitator was left in alone for 
ten minutes. The following table gives the results. The 
