86 Animal Intelligence 
through the door thus opened and eat the fish outside. 
When put in this compartment, the top being covered by 
a large box, a cat soon gave up efforts to claw through the 
screen, quieted down and watched more or less the proceed- 
ings going on in the other compartment. Thus this appara- 
tus could be used to test the power of imitation. A cat who 
had no experience with the means of escape from the large 
compartment was put in the closed one; another cat, who 
would do it readily, was allowed to go through the per- 
formance of pulling the string, going out, and eating the 
fish. Record was made of the number of times he did so 
and of the number of times the imitator had his eyes clearly 
fixed on him. These were called ‘times seen.’ Cases 
where the imitator was looking in the general direction 
of the ‘imitatee’ and might very well have seen him and 
probably did, were marked ‘doubtful.’ In the remaining 
cases the cat did not see what was done by his instructor. 
After the imitatee had done the thing a number of times, 
the other was put in the big compartment alone, and the 
time it took him before pulling the string was noted and 
his general behavior closely observed. If he failed in 5 or 10 
or 15 minutes to do so, he was released and not fed. This 
entire experiment was repeated a number of times. From 
the times taken by the imitator to escape and from obser- 
vation of the way that he did it, we can decide whether imi- 
tation played any part. The history of several cases are 
given in the following tables. In the first column are given 
the lengths of time that the imitator was shut up in the box 
watching the imitatee. In the second column is the number 
of times that the latter did the trick. In the third and 
fourth are the times that the imitator surely and possibly 
saw it done, while in the last is given the time that, when 
tried alone, the imitator took to pull the string, or if 
